AccScience Publishing / GPD / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/GPD025200039
CASE REPORT

A novel presentation of a His1157Arg INSR mutation in male half-siblings with type A insulin resistance: A case report

Kaci Wirthwein1 Evan Los2*
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1 Department of Pediatrics, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
Received: 13 May 2025 | Revised: 27 June 2025 | Accepted: 7 July 2025 | Published online: 22 September 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

Type A insulin resistance, a rare disorder resulting from mutations in the INSR gene, exhibits a wide range of clinical presentations. We report two male half-siblings with a His1157Arg missense mutation in exon 19 of the INSR gene. Patient 1 presented with hyperglycemia and features resembling type 1 diabetes, without acanthosis nigricans. In contrast, patient 2 exhibited characteristics typically seen in children diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, including obesity and acanthosis. Genetic testing confirmed the shared pathogenic mutation. Their divergent phenotypes underscore the heterogeneity of type A insulin resistance and highlight the critical role of genetic testing in atypical diabetes cases. Targeted therapy with metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors improved glycemic control in both patients.

Keywords
Insulin resistance
Insulin receptor
INSR
Atypical diabetes
Type A insulin resistance
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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