ASP operates a rigorous and transparent peer review process that aims to maximize quality; it is handled by researchers and scholars.
Submitted manuscripts are handled according to the flow chart below. Authors should take note of the pre-check procedure by the editorial office to prevent a desk reject.
For most ASP journals, peer review is a double-blind assessment with at least two independent reviewers, followed by a final acceptance/rejection decision by the Editor-in-Chief or another academic editor approved by the Editor-in-Chief.
The following provides notes on each step.
The pre-screening stage consists of two main steps: a technical pre-check performed by the Editorial Office and an editorial pre-check performed by an academic editor.
Immediately after submission, the journal’s Managing Editor will perform the technical pre-check to assess:
- The overall suitability of the manuscript to the journal/section/Special Issue/Topic/Topical Collection;
- Manuscript adherence to high-quality research and ethical standards;
- Standards of rigor to qualify for further review.
The academic editor (i.e., the Editor-in-Chief in the case of regular submissions, the Guest Editor in the case of Special Issue submissions, the Topic Editor in the case of Topic submissions, the Collection Editor in the case of Topical Collection submissions, and an Editorial Board member in the case of a conflict of interest and regular submissions if the Editor-in-Chief allows) will be notified of the submission and invited to perform an editorial pre-check. During the editorial pre-check phase, the academic editor will assess the suitability of the submission with respect to the scope of the journal, as well as the overall scientific soundness of the manuscript, including the relevance of the references and the correctness of the applied methodology. The academic editors can decide to reject the manuscript, request revisions before peer review, or continue with the peer review process and recommend suitable reviewers.
Guest Editors of Special Issues, Topic Editors of Topics, and Collection Editors of Topical Collections are not able to make decisions regarding their own manuscripts submitted to their Special Issue/Topics/Topical Collection, as this would constitute a conflict of interest. An Editorial Board member will instead be responsible for decision making. The Guest Editor/Topic Editor/Collection Editor will be unable to access the review process except in their role as author. Similarly, Editors-in-Chief or other Editorial Board members are not able to access the review process of their manuscript except in their role as author.
From submission to final decision or publication, one dedicated ASP staff member coordinates the review process and serves as the main point of contact for authors, academic editors, and reviewers.
ASP’s journals operate double-blind peer review, where in addition to the author not knowing the identity of the reviewer, the reviewer is unaware of the author’s identity.
At least two review reports are collected for each submitted article. The academic editor can suggest reviewers during pre-check. Alternatively, ASP editorial staff will use qualified Editorial Board members, qualified reviewers from our database, or new reviewers identified by web searches for related articles.
Authors can recommend potential reviewers. ASP staff ensure that there are no potential conflicts of interest and will not consider those with competing interests. Authors can also enter the names of potential peer reviewers they wish to exclude from consideration in the peer review of their manuscript, during the initial submission of the manuscript. The Editorial Team will respect these requests as long as they do not interfere with the objective and thorough assessment of the submission.
If the journal has a reviewer board, these reviewers could apply to review a submitted manuscript should the authors agree to this option during submission.
The following criteria are applied to all reviewers:
- They should hold no conflicts of interest with any of the authors;
- They should not come from the same institution as the authors;
- They should not have published together with the authors in the last three years;
- They should hold a PhD or be a MD (applicable for medical journals);
- They should have relevant experience and have a proven publication record in the field of the submitted paper (Scopus or ORCID);
- They should be experienced scholars in the field of the submitted paper;
- They should hold an official and recognized academic affiliation.
Reviewers who are accepted to review a manuscript are expected to:
- Have the necessary expertise to judge manuscript quality;
- Provide quality review reports and remain responsive throughout peer review;
- Maintain standards of professionalism and ethics.
Reviewers who accept a review invitation are provided 7–10 days to write their review via our online platform, OSS. Extensions can be granted on request.
When reviewing a revised manuscript, reviewers are asked to provide their report within three days. Extensions can also be granted on request.
To assist academic editors, ASP staff handle all communication with reviewers, authors, and the external editor. Academic editors can check the status of manuscripts and the identity of reviewers at any time, and are able to discuss manuscript review at any stage with ASP staff.
The authors have the option to publish the review reports and author responses with the published paper (often referred to as open reports). Publishing the reviewer reports and author responses together with the article provides greater transparency and trust for readers as they can track and check the peer review process. The Open Peer Review model also encourages reviewers to provide high quality comments as they will be made public if the article is accepted for publication.
To promote open communication further and increase the robustness of the peer review process, we encourage reviewers to sign their reports so that their name appears on the review report (referred to as open identity). By signing the reports, reviewers receive direct credit for their contribution to the peer review process and also shows their commitment towards open science. The default option is for reviewers to remain anonymous. If an article is rejected no details will be published.
In cases where only minor or major revisions are recommended, ASP staff will request that the author revise the paper before referring to the academic editor. Where conflicting review reports are present, or where there are one or more recommendations for rejection, feedback from the academic editor is sought before a decision about revisions is communicated to the authors. Additional reviewers or further review reports may be requested by the academic editors at this stage.
Revised versions of manuscripts may or may not be sent to reviewers, depending on whether the reviewer requested to see the revised version. By default, reviewers who request major revisions or recommend rejection will be sent the revised manuscript. All reviewers can access the most recent version of the manuscript via OSS.
A maximum of two rounds of major revision per manuscript are normally provided. If more rounds are required according to the reviewers, ASP staff should request a decision from the academic editor.
If the required revision time is estimated to be longer than 2 months, we recommend that authors withdraw their manuscript before resubmitting so as to avoid unnecessary time pressure and to ensure that all manuscripts are sufficiently revised.
Acceptance decisions on manuscripts can be made by the academic editor after peer review once a minimum of two review reports have been received. Acceptance decisions are made by an academic editor (the Editor-in-Chief, a Guest Editor/Topic Editor/Collection Editor, or another suitable Editorial Board member). Guest Editors/Topic Editors/Collection Editors are not able to make decisions on their own papers which will instead be assigned to a suitable Editorial Board member. When making a decision, we expect the academic editor to check the following:
- The suitability of the selected reviewers;
- The adequacy of reviewer comments and author response;
- The overall scientific quality of the paper.
The academic editor can select from the following options: accept in its current form, accept with minor revisions, reject and decline resubmission, reject but encourage resubmission, ask the author for a revision, or ask for an additional reviewer.
The academic editors should alert the Editorial Office to any potential conflicts of interest that may bias, or be perceived to bias, decision making.
Reviewers make recommendations, and the Editors-in-Chief or academic editors are free to disagree with their views. If they do so, they should justify their decision for the benefit of the authors and reviewers.
In some instances, an academic editor supports the acceptance of a manuscript despite a reviewer’s recommendation to reject it. ASP staff will seek a second independent opinion from an Editorial Board member or the Editor-in-Chief before communicating a final decision to the authors.
Articles can only be accepted for publication by an academic editor. Employed ASP staff then inform the authors. ASP staff never make paper acceptance decisions.
ASP staff or Editorial Board members (including Editors-in-Chief) are not involved in the processing of their own academic work. Their submissions are assigned and revised by at least two independent reviewers. Decisions are made by other Editorial Board members who do not have a conflict of interest with the authors.
Special Issue
All Special Issue articles are subject to rigorous and impartial peer-review like other regular submissions. Guest Editors supervise the editorial process of all Special Issue articles and make recommendations on them comprehensively based on all review comments. Guest Editors are welcome to recommend reviewers for submission before peer review. Guest Editors are required to have no conflicts of interest with authors whose work they are assessing. Papers submitted to a Special Issue by the Guest Editor(s) must be handled under an independent review process and make up no more than 25% of the Issue's total.
Authors may appeal a rejection by sending an e-mail to the Editorial Office of the journal. The appeal must provide a detailed justification, including point-by-point responses to the reviewers' and/or Editor's comments. Appeals can only be submitted following a “reject and decline resubmission” decision and should be submitted within three months from the decision date. Failure to meet these criteria will result in the appeal not being considered further. The Managing Editor will forward the manuscript and related information (including the identities of the referees) to a designated Editorial Board Member. The academic editor being consulted will be asked to provide an advisory recommendation on the manuscript and may recommend acceptance, further peer review, or uphold the original rejection decision. This decision will then be validated by the Editor-in-Chief. A reject decision at this stage is final and cannot be reversed.
ASP’s in-house teams perform production on all manuscripts, including language editing, copy editing, and conversion to XML. Language editing is carried out by professional English editing staff. In the small number of cases where extensive editing or formatting is required, we offer ahors an English editing service for an additional fee (with the authors’ prior approval). The authors are also free to use other English editing services, or consult a native English-speaking colleague—the latter being our preferred option.
Our journals follow COPE’s procedures for dealing with potentially unethical behavior by authors, reviewers, or editors. All ASP editorial staff are trained in how to detect and respond to ethical problems.
Ethical issues raised by readers of the journal will be investigated by the editorial office following procedures recommended by COPE. Disputes on the validity of research reported in published papers can be settled by the Editorial Board. For disputes around authorship, data ownership, author misconduct, etc., where necessary, we will refer to external organizations such as a university ethics committee. Authors are asked to respond to any substantiated allegations made against them.
To manage authorship disputes, we follow COPE guidelines. Typically, if all authors agree, the authorship can be updated via a Correction. If not, we require an authoritative statement from the authors' institution(s) about who qualifies for authorship.
Publishing Standards and Guidelines
ASP follows the following guidelines and standards for its journals:
ICMJE: Medically-related ASP journals follow the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. The guidelines comprehensively cover all aspects of editing, from how the journal is managed to details about peer review and handling complaints. The majority of the recommendations are not specific to medical journals and are followed by all ASP journals.
The CONSORT statement covers the reporting of randomized, controlled trials. We encourage authors to verify their work against the checklist and flow diagram and upload them with their submission.
TOP covers transparency and openness in the reporting of research. Our journals aim to be at level 1 or 2 for all aspects of TOP. Specific requirements vary between journals and can be requested from the editorial office.
FAIR Principles cover guidelines to improve the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reuse of data.
PRISMA covers systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Authors are recommended to complete the checklist and flow diagram and include it with their submission.
ARRIVE contains guidelines for reporting in vivo experiments. Authors are recommended to verify their work against the checklist and include it with their submission.
iThenticate is an industry-standard software for plagiarism detection. Used during the first screening of a manuscript or pre-check, it can also be used at any stage of the peer review process and especially before the acceptance of a manuscript for publication.
Compliance with the standards and guidelines above will be taken into account during the final decision and any discrepancies should be clearly explained by the authors. We recommend that authors highlight relevant guidelines in their cover letter.
All articles published by ASP are peer-reviewed and assessed by our independent Editorial Boards, and ASP staff are not involved in decisions to accept manuscripts. When making a decision, we expect the academic editor to make it based solely upon:
- The suitability of the selected reviewers;
- The adequacy of the reviewer comments and author’s response;
- The overall scientific quality of the paper.
In all of our journals and in every aspect of our operation, ASP policies are informed by the mission to make science and research findings open and accessible as widely and rapidly as possible
Utilization of AI-assisted technology
For authors
- AI tools are only allowed to edit texts and images without introducing plagiarized elements.
- Disclose in cover letter and submitted work how authors use AI tools.
- Chatbots (such as ChatGPT) should not be listed as authors.
For reviewers
Reviewers should disclose to the journal if and how AI tools are being used to facilitate their review and evaluation of the submitted works.
Confidentiality Rejection Peer-review
- Submitted works will only be processed, handled, viewed, and/or evaluated by handling editors, academic editors, reviewers, and production editors during the peer-review phase.
- Our editors can reject any papers at any time before publication, including after acceptance, if concerns arise about the integrity of the work.
- External experts and in lesser extent, editorial board members, are invited for peer-review.
Supplementary materials containing additional information to aid the understanding of work described in the manuscript is also subjected to peer review. Accessory documents such as research ethics proof, study participant consent form, copyright clearance proof and documents that might contain author-identifiable information and/or do not directly aid in understanding the work to be reviewed are not subjected to peer review.
