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REVIEW

Understanding the fundamental mechanisms and conditions of the tumor-suppressive and oncogenic roles of sirtuins in cancer: A review

Daniela Szabóová1 ,  Zuzana Guľašová2 ,  Zdenka Hertelyová2 ,  Roman Beňačka1*
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1 Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafarik University, Košice, Slovakia
2 Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MEDIPARK, P.J. Šafarik University, Košice, Slovakia
GPD, 4100 https://doi.org/10.36922/gpd.4100
Submitted: 1 July 2024 | Accepted: 5 September 2024 | Published: 10 October 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Silent information regulators (SIRTs) or sirtuins represent a group of class III nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide–dependent histone deacetylases. In mammals, seven types of sirtuins are distinguished, differing in their target structures, enzymatic activities, and subcellular localization. Histone deacetylation is a form of epigenetic regulation of gene expression that can cause activation or deactivation of selected genetic targets. Activation of sirtuins is part of the response to nutritional and environmental stimuli (starvation, DNA damage, and oxidative stress). Activated sirtuins subsequently stimulate specific transcriptional programs to make mitochondrial oxidative metabolism more efficient in the fight against oxidative stress or regulate proteins responsible for DNA repair after damage. As a result of their multifunctional involvement in cellular metabolism, dysregulation and aberrant expression of sirtuins have been observed in various cancers. Sirtuins play a dual role in carcinogenesis, acting as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors and affecting the proliferation, apoptosis, and survival of cancerous cells.

Keywords
Sirtuins
Oxidative stress
Cancer
Funding
This work was supported by VEGA grant no. 1/0622/20 of the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic, and VVGS grant no. VVGS – 2022-2199.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Gene & Protein in Disease, Electronic ISSN: 2811-003X Published by AccScience Publishing
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