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Application and research progress of CAR-T cell therapy in autoimmune diseases

Xiaoxiao Yu1,2† ,  Haodong Shang1,2† ,  Xinru Shen1,2 ,  Jing Zhang1 ,  Ting Chang3 ,  Zhe Ruan3 ,  Yongliang Jia1,2* ,  Feng Gao1*
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1 Department of Neuroimmunology, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
2 BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
3 Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
GPD 2024, 3(2), 2851 https://doi.org/10.36922/gpd.2851
Submitted: 30 January 2024 | Accepted: 24 April 2024 | Published: 5 June 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

The conventional clinical therapies for autoimmune diseases (ADs) lack specificity, necessitating long-term medication that can lead to serious side effects. In contrast, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for ADs, characterized by fewer side effects and longer-lasting therapeutic effects, represents a new direction for the specific treatment of ADs. T cells modified with CAR genes possess the ability to not only secrete perforin, granzymes, and other molecules that target autoreactive immune cells but also to lead effector and regulatory T cells into autoimmune environments, thereby exerting transport, proliferation, and immune regulatory functions. Chimeric autoantibody receptor T cells can recognize and kill autoreactive cells expressing target autoantibodies through their specific antigens. In this article, we comprehensively expound on the application of CAR-T cell therapy in different ADs and summarize the current research progress in this regard. This review aims to enhance the application of CAR-T therapy in AD treatment and facilitate further studies aimed at addressing the existing gaps in CAR-T therapy for ADs.

Keywords
Autoimmune diseases
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells
T cells
Funding
This work was supported by projects of the Basic Research Fund of the Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmacological Sciences (grant numbers: 2022BP0116 and 2023BP0201), Henan Province Scientific and Technological Research grants (grant numbers: 232102310408 and 232102311196), a special project of scientific research for creating “Double First-Class” traditional Chinese medicine (grant number: HSRP-DFCTCM-2023-1-27), and Shaanxi Province Basic Research Fund of Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmacological Sciences Key Research and Development Plan (grant number: 2021ZDLSF02-01).
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Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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