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Cyanine-induced apoptosis for cancer therapy

Kunli Cui1,2† ,  Chenguang Miao2† ,  Dong Feng2 ,  Jiaheng Dong2 ,  Yaqi Zhou2 ,  Xinying Ji3,4* ,  Lei Zhang2*
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1 National Regional Medical Center Construction Work Office, Shangqiu City Hospital of TCM, Shangqiu, China
2 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
3 Department of Medicine, Huaxian County People’s Hospital, Huaxian Henan Province, China
4 Faculty of Basic Medical Subjects, Shu-Qing Medical College of Zhengzhou, Gong-Ming Rd, Mazhai Town, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
GPD 2023, 2(4), 2486 https://doi.org/10.36922/gpd.2486
Submitted: 20 December 2023 | Accepted: 27 February 2024 | Published: 22 March 2024
© 2024 by the Author (s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Apoptosis is a programmed cell death characterized by cell rounding, chromatin condensation and clumping, cytoplasmic collapse, and the formation of apoptotic bodies. Recently, increasing scientific research has disclosed the close relationship between apoptosis and cyanine. Cyanine, due to its excellent fluorescent characteristics, is used in constructing vital fluorescent cores for fluorescent probes. It has been extensively utilized in targeted labeling for growing cells and tumor phototherapy. Cyanine-derived compounds have provided new approaches for treating different cancers by inducing tumor cell apoptosis. This review introduces the molecular mechanism of apoptosis, essential apoptosis-related proteins, and the pathways related to tumor cell apoptosis. Furthermore, it systematically discusses the function of cyanine in cancer therapy by inducing apoptosis. A deeper understanding of cyanine-induced apoptosis may offer new options for cancer treatment and new strategies for developing and utilizing cyanine.

Keywords
Cancer
Apoptosis
Cyanine
Cytochrome C
Caspase3
Funding
This work has been financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81870591), Key R&D and Promotion Projects in Henan Province (Nos. 212102310874 and 222102310013), and Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province (No. 23A310011).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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Gene & Protein in Disease, Electronic ISSN: 2811-003X Published by AccScience Publishing
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