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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

In vitro evaluation of Hyphaene thebaica honey as a multitarget therapeutic product

Basheer Abu-Farich1 ,  Mahmud Masalha2 ,  Hadeel Hamarshi2 ,  Asmae El Ghouizi1 ,  Abderrazak Aboulghazi1 ,  Mohammed El Ouassete3 ,  Doha Weldali2 ,  Badiaa Lyoussi1* ,  Bashar Saad2*
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1 Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Life Quality, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
2 Qasemi Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine
3 Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
MI, 4994 https://doi.org/10.36922/mi.4994
Submitted: 29 September 2024 | Revised: 23 November 2024 | Accepted: 13 December 2024 | Published: 6 January 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Hyphaene thebaica honey, commonly known as doum honey (DH), is widely utilized in the Mediterranean region due to its putative health benefits. However, the precise mechanisms underpinning these benefits remain obscure. This study sought to assess the anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties of DH, and analyze its polyphenolic composition. The antibacterial effects of DH were tested against a range of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. In addition, we investigated the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of DH in the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. The phenolic compounds in DH were evaluated using quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The model used to assess the anti-inflammatory properties was lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. HPLC analysis revealed nine phenolic compounds in DH: Gallic acid, caffeic acid, carvacrol, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, kaempferol, pinobanksin, pinocembrin, and galangin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for DH varied between 0.19% and 0.78% w/w for the three Gram-positive strains tested and between 0.024% and 0.39% w/w for the four Gram-negative strains tested. Among all the bacterial strains tested, Escherichia coli was found to be the most susceptible, with an MIC of 0.024% w/w. Upon treating LPS-activated THP-1-derived macrophages with DH, the levels of nitric oxide were significantly diminished. Moreover, DH displayed a modest but significant cytostatic effect on the MDA-MB-231 cells. The most noticeable cytostatic impacts were observed at concentrations of 4 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL, resulting in a decrease in cell viability by 25% and 20%, respectively, compared to untreated control cells. A significant decline in the migration rate of MDA-MB-231 cells was observed following DH treatment compared to control cells (P < 0.05). Our findings not only corroborate the well-established antibacterial properties of DH but also imply that its recognized anticancer advantages may be partially attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytostatic, and antimigration effects.

Keywords
Hyphaene thebaica
Antibacterial
Antioxidant
Anticancer
Cytostatic
Anti-inflammatory
Antimigration
Funding
This work was financially supported by the Al-Qasemi Research Foundation and the Arab American University- Palestine (AAUP) Research Foundation.
Conflict of interest
Bashar Saad is the Editorial Board Member of this journal and the Guest Editor of this special issue but was not in any way involved in the editorial and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly. Separately, other authors declared that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.
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