3D bioprinting has emerged as a transformative technology reshaping tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and precision therapeutics, enabling the precise fabrication of biomimetic constructs tailored for tissue repair, disease modeling, and personalized treatment. The convergence of intelligent biomaterial design, artificial intelligence, and advanced biosensing further accelerates the clinical translation of bioprinting strategies. This special issue compiles cutting-edge research spanning the development of smart, cell-laden and stimuli-responsive bioinks, printable hydrogel scaffolds for controlled drug delivery, bioprinted constructs for musculoskeletal, neural, cutaneous and visceral tissue regeneration, tumor-on-a-chip platforms, AI-driven rational biomaterial design, and integration with label-free optical detection systems.

This special issue focuses on, but is not limited to, the following research directions:

(1) Development of intelligent, cell-laden and stimuli-responsive bioinks for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine;

(2) Design of printable hydrogels and multifunctional scaffolds for local and controlled drug delivery;

(3) Bioprinted constructs of bone, cartilage, tendon, ligament, intervertebral disc and other musculoskeletal tissues;

(4) Bioprinted materials and biomimetic grafts for interbody fusion and spinal tissue reconstruction;

(5) Bioprinting strategies for neural regeneration, vascular reconstruction, cutaneous repair and wound healing;

(6) Bioprinted models and hydrogel-based drug delivery platforms for investigating organ and tissue injury, inflammation, fibrosis, regeneration and drug toxicity;

(7) Personalized bioprinted scaffolds and cell-laden constructs for the reconstruction of intestine, urethra, bladder and other tissues;

(8) Bioprinted models and tumor-on-a-chip systems for dissecting tumor initiation and invasion mechanisms as well as personalized drug screening;

(9) AI and big data-driven rational design of multifunctional bioinks and bioprinted scaffold materials;

(10) Integration of bioprinted tissue constructs with photonic crystal chips, optical biosensors and other label-free detection platforms.

Keywords: 3D bioprinting, smart bioinks, musculoskeletal regeneration, tissue engineering, translational regenerative medicine, tumor-on-a-chip, artificial intelligence