Before submitting for publication, please ensure that your paper and other supplementary files have been prepared and formatted in accordance with the guidelines below.

In addition to referring to the Author Guidelines set out in the following, we also recommend using our templates to prepare the submission files.

Templates:

- Title page & back matter template   Download

- Article template for Original Research Article and Short Communication   Download

- Article template for Review Article and Perspective Article   Download 

Submission structure, general style and format

International Journal of Bioprinting requests that every new submission should be made and accompanied by 3 separate core files, namely manuscript, title page and back matter, and cover letter, whereas resubmission of revision file should be accompanied by 4 separate core files, namely manuscript, title page and back matter, cover letter, and response/rebuttal letter (collectively known as the revision file). Provision of supplementary files and/or confidential accessory files is optional or dependent on the nature of study and findings relevance. The table below briefly summarizes the type of files in a submission, their respective requirements and included items:

Type of file	File format	Requirements	Included items
(1) Manuscript	DOC or DOCX	- Use 1.5-spacing and format text in one column - Use page numbers and continuous line numbers - Font and size: Times New Roman, 12 - Insert tables and figures at the back of manuscript	- Manuscript title - Abstract (for original research article, review article and perspective article) - Keywords - Text - References - Tables (including caption and legend) - Figures (including caption and legend)   Note: Do not include any author-related information, including authorship list and affiliation in the manuscript file.
(2) Title page and back matter#	DOC or DOCX	- Use 1.5-spacing and format text in one column - Font and size: Times New Roman, 12	On the first page (title page): - Manuscript title - Authorship list (first and last names must be spelled out) - Author’s affiliation, including department, institution, city, state, postal code, and country (indicated with superscript number) - Corresponding author information, including asterisk indication, mailing address and email - Indication of equally contributing authors (if any) with dagger symbol   On the second page (back matter): - Acknowledgments - Funding - Conflict of interest (mandatory) - Author contributions (formatted as per CRediT) - Ethics approval and consent to participate - Consent for publication - Availability of data - Further disclosure about presentation of essential findings in conference(s) and/or upload of the paper to a preprint server
(3) Cover letter	DOC or DOCX	- Use 1.5-spacing and format text in one column - Font and size: Times New Roman, 12	- A brief explanation of what was previously known, the conceptual advancement with the findings and its significance to broad readership - A statement that “neither the manuscript nor any significant part of it is under consideration for publication elsewhere or has appeared elsewhere in a manner that could be construed as a prior or duplication of the same work” with author confirmation - If any, associated accession numbers or DOIs of the corresponding preprint version of the submission - [Optional] Name, affiliation and email address of up to 4 academically qualified (recommended) reviewers and/or name and affiliation of individuals who should be excluded from reviewing the submitted works on the grounds of conflict of interest
(4) Supplementary files		- Supplementary files should not exceed 20 MB in total (15MB individual file limit)
- Supplementary tables or figures	DOC or DOCX	- Use 1.5-spacing and format text in one column - Use page numbers and continuous line numbers - Font and size: Times New Roman, 12 - Include both supplementary tables (editable) and figures (in JPEG, PNG or TIFF format) in the same file	- Supplementary tables - Supplementary figures
- Data set	XLS or XLSX	- All data should be neatly presented using consistent fonts
- Videos	MP4	- If necessary, trim the video clip to focus only on essential parts, such as experimental procedures and findings or observation that can only be demonstrated using video(s) - Avoid unnecessary narrations that can be presented in written form
(5) Confidential accessory files
- Sample consent form (for human research only)	DOC, DOCX, PDF, JPEG, PNG or TIFF	- This is a sample, unsigned consent form that should bear the institution letterhead
- Research ethics proof (for human and/or animal research only)	DOC, DOCX, PDF, JPEG, PNG or TIFF	- Ideally, this document should contain the essential research ethics information, such as ethics approval identifiers and the name of Institutional Ethics Review Board or Institutional Review Board - The research described in original research article should match the proposed research or significantly fit within the framework of the specification stipulated in the research ethics proof
(6) Response/rebuttal letter (only applicable to revisions)	DOC or DOCX	- All comments/feedback and responses/rebuttals must be clearly and concisely presented	- Reviewers’ comments and feedback - Authors’ responses

^# Ideally, all information given in the title page and back matter file, except for the manuscript title, should remain the same from the point of submission to paper acceptance. Thus, authors are responsible to ensure that all information therein is accurate before making submission. Refer to Authorship and Author Information for more information about International Journal of Bioprinting’s authorship policy.

Submitting authors should refer to the relevant sections in the following for more detailed information.

Author metadata during submission

During the submission process, the submitting author must ensure that all particulars of author information, including full name, affiliation, and email address, are given in the author metadata column of the submission system. These particulars must exactly reflect those on the title page of the submission; this includes the author order of the authorship list. Provide authors’ ORCID ID, if available.

 

Article types 

(1) Original research article

An original research article is based on original, basic and applied research and/or analysis. This type of article aims to describe significant and novel research. Authors of original research articles must confirm that the essential findings presented have never been published or under consideration elsewhere.

This article type typically has at least 5 tables and/or figures in total, approximately 40 references, and 7,000 words (inclusive of Abstract and References).

 

(2) Review article

A review article provides scholarly survey as well as balanced summarization and highlights of recent developments in a research field or emerging/future trends. Authors should ensure that all perspectives from different works are linked in balanced and cohesive manner, taking into consideration different schools of thought.

This article type typically has at least 5 tables and/or figures in total, approximately 70 references, and 7,000 words (inclusive of Abstract and References).

 

(3) Perspective article

A perspective article contains the author's scholarly opinions on a particular subject area or topic. Unlike a review, a perspective article covers a more specific part of the field, aiming to provide new insights into the subject matter. However, these perspectives or opinions should be objective in line with the spirit of academia. A good perspective piece should stimulate further discussions and initiate novel experiments.

This article type typically has 5 tables and/or figures in total, approximately 70 references, and 7,000 words (inclusive of Abstract and References).

 

(4) Short communication

A short communication is a short article that presents original and significant findings on a particular problem or novel findings that are anticipated to have significant impact.

The length of a short communication, including the Abstract and References, should not exceed 4,000 words. The article should contain Abstract (not more than 150 words), Background, Materials and Method, Results, Discussion, Conclusion and References, and contain no more than 5 figures and/or tables. Typically, this manuscript type has 15 references.

 

(5) Commentary

A commentary contains unsolicited commentaries or analysis from the reader(s) targeting specific published articles in the journal.

This manuscript type typically has 3 tables and figures in total, approximately 20 references, and 3,500 words (inclusive of Abstract and References).

 

(6) Clinical case study

A clinical case study presents the details and results from the clinical application of bioprinted products or equivalents on patient cases, and highlights specific instances of interesting phenomena. Submissions will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

This manuscript type typically has 5 tables and figures in total, approximately 20 references, and 3,000 words (inclusive of Abstract and References).

 

(7) Methods

A methods article presents new or improved version of experimental methods, tests or procedures pertaining to the field of bioprinting.

This manuscript type typically has 10 tables and figures in total, approximately 30 references, and 5,000 words (inclusive of Abstract and References).

 

(8) Report

A report summarizes the execution of a collaborative research program that is directly related to the advancement of bioprinting. Submissions are usually solicited by the editors.

This manuscript type typically has 5 tables and figure in total, 20 references, and 5,000 words (inclusive of Abstract and References).

 

(9) Position paper

A position paper reflects the official opinion of an organization (e.g., government body, funding agency, etc.).

This manuscript type typically has 2 tables and/or figures in total, no more than 15 references, and 3,500 words (inclusive of References). An Abstract is not required in a position paper.

 

(10) Book review

A book review provides an overview of new publications (books) from the area of bioprinting. Brief summary, focus, argumentation and impact of the book should be provided.

A book review is typically of the length of 400-500 words. No Abstract, References, figures and tables are required.

 

(11) Extended conference paper

An extended conference paper is the conference paper version of an original research article that presents the new findings and in-depth discussion of a certain topic.

The manuscripts that do not have relevance to the Focus and Scope of International Journal of Bioprinting will be rejected.

The requirements for an extended conference papers are as follows:

- An extended conference paper must have at least 30% new material and include a citation to the conference paper. In addition to the 30% new material which is acquired through additional experimentation, analyses and proposal of new ideas or theories, the original content that can be found in the conference paper must be paraphrased, i.e., rewriting the sentences or changing the sentence structure. The 30% new material may also include the clarifications in response to questions raised during the presentation at the conference.

- An extended conference paper must have a new title and a new abstract that are different from the corresponding title in the conference paper. Nevertheless, the new title and new abstract must retain the ‘motivation, methods and conclusions’ of the paper presented at the conference presentation. More data in the form of tables and figures should be added. The results should be discussed in-depth with more examples and explanations. In this regard, more references will be needed.

- The conference paper must be cited.

- A PDF copy of the conference paper must be submitted along with the submission of the Extended Conference Paper.

- The format and style of an extended conference paper are similar to those of an original research article. Refer to the specific requirements of the original research article.

The pre-screening of a new submission of extended conference paper will be processed as per the requirements set out in the above, alongside the current, existing pre-screening criteria.

 

(12) Letter

This article type is a collection of unsolicited letters from the readers who wish to comment on specific articles published in International Journal of Bioprinting or another field-related journal. Alternatively, a letter can be written on an unrelated topic of interest to the journal’s readership.

Ideally, a letter should present an in-depth, scholarly re-analysis of a previously published article in International Journal of Bioprinting or in another field-related journal, accompanied by the reader’s constructive insights and comments. Letters containing new ideas, supporting data or data criticizing the indicated article may be subjected to peer review at editors’ discretion. Authors should specify the intended recipient of the letters, i.e., Editor or specific author(s).

This article type typically has no more than 3 tables and/or figures in total, no more than 20 references, and 2,000 words (inclusive of References). No Abstract is required.

 

(13) Editorial

An editorial piece is a solicited, concise commentary that highlights prominent topics in particular issue. Alternatively, an editorial represents the official opinions of the editors on the journal or special issue.

An editorial piece should not exceed 1,000 words (inclusive of References). Typically, an Abstract is not required and only 1 figure or table is allowed.

 

(14) Erratum

An erratum is a notification of a significant error made by the editors that affects the scholarly record or the scientific integrity of a published article. An erratum is always accompanied by Publisher Correction of the error. The corrections will not be made directly in the already-published articles. Authors who notice an error in their published articles should contact the editors at editor.ijb@accscience.com.

All publisher-introduced changes will be highlighted to the author for proofreading before final publication of the erratum.

 

(15) Corrigendum

A corrigendum is a notification of an important error made by the author(s) that affects the scholarly record or the scientific integrity of a published article. A corrigendum is always accompanied by Author Correction of the error. The corrections will not be made directly in the already-published articles.

If certain errors are found, author(s) should contact the editors at editor.ijb@accscience.com, who will evaluate the impact of the errors and decide on the appropriate course of action. The publication of any corrections to a paper is at the sole discretion of the editors.

 

Language

All submissions must be written entirely in good American English. Submissions in good British English can be accepted as long as a mixture of spelling variants are not used in the submissions. Clarity and conciseness are critical requirements for publications; therefore, submissions that are not clearly written will be returned to authors. Authors must ensure that their manuscripts are submit-ready or publish-ready before making submission. The articles published in International Journal of Bioprinting are in adherence with the publishable standards of academic and scientific writing.

Please note that utilizing a language editing service is not a guarantee of acceptance.

 

Letter capitalization

Use sentence case capitalization in all aspects of the submission. In sentence case, most major and minor words are lowercase (proper nouns, including name of organizations and name of guidelines, are an exception in that they are always capitalized for the first letter of each word, except for minor words, such as conjunctions and short prepositions). The first letter of the first word should always be uppercase.

 

Manuscript title

The title should capture the conceptual significance for a broad audience. The title should not be more than 50 words and should be able to give readers an overall view of the paper’s significance. Titles should avoid using uncommon jargons, abbreviations and punctuation.

 

Abstract

The purpose of abstract is to provide sufficient information and capture essential findings and/or messages of the paper. The length of an abstract should be in the range of 200-400 words. The abstract should be unstructured. Abstract is not needed in position paper, book review, letter, and editorial.

 

Keywords

Each submission should be accompanied by 3-6 keywords. Avoid using abbreviations and acronyms in keywords, unless they are established standard keywords. Separate keywords with semi-colons (i.e., Key word 1; Key word 2; Key word 3).

 

Abbreviations and acronyms

Define abbreviations and acronyms upon their first appearance, separately, in the abstract, main text, table legends, and figure captions and legends.

 

Sections in article

(1) Section headings

Section headings should be in boldface. Examples of section headings of different levels are shown in the following:

Primary level              : 1. Heart disease

Secondary level          : 1.3. Risk factors for heart disease

Tertiary level               : 1.3.2. Hypertension

Authors are suggested NOT to introduce further sub-sections after the tertiary level section (e.g., 1.3.2.1. High-salt diet).

 

(2) Special sectioning requirements for an original research article

• Introduction. The introduction should provide a background that gives a broad readership an overall outlook of the field and the research performed. It tackles a problem and states its important regarding with the significance of the study. Introduction can conclude with a brief statement of the aim of the work and a comment about whether that aim was achieved.
• Materials and Methods. This section provides the general experimental design and methodologies used. The aim is to provide enough detail to for other investigators to fully replicate the results. It is also required to facilitate better understanding of the results obtained. Protocols and procedures for new methods must be included in detail for the reproducibility of the experiments. Informed consent should be obtained from patients or parents before the experiments start and should be mentioned in this section. For human and/or research, research ethics information, such as ethics approval identifiers and the name of Institutional Ethics Review Board or Institutional Review Board, should be indicated in this section.
• Results. This section focuses on the results and findings of the experiments performed. After (statistical) analysis, all results, including tables and figures, must be neatly presented. If necessary, this section can be sub-divided into multiple topical sub-sections.
• Discussion. This section should provide the significance of the results and identify the impact of the research in a broader context. It should not be redundant or similar to the content of the results section.
• Conclusion. Use this section for interpretation only, and not to summarize information already presented in the text or abstract.

It is acceptable to merge both Results and Discussion as a single section.

 

Unit of measurements

Use SI units.

 

Data and image processing

Post-acquisition processing of images, photos and figures should be kept minimum to ensure that the final figures accurately reflect the original data as it was captured and/or produced. Any alterations should be applied to the entire image. Any kind of alteration, including but not limited to brightness, contrast and color balance, has to be clearly stated in the figure legend and in Materials and Methods section. For simulated or model figures, the software used for production, editing, and/or processing should be mentioned. Presenting images in the same figure must be made apparent and should be explicitly indicated in the appropriate figure legends.

Data comparisons should only be made from comparative experiments (or data from the same experiment). Same piece of data or figure should not be used in multiple instances, unless the images/data describe different aspects of the same experiment (reasons must be stated, wherever appropriate, in this regard). If inappropriate image/data manipulation is identified after publication, the editors reserve the right to ask for the original data and, if that is not satisfactory, to issue a correction or retract the paper, as appropriate.

 

Chemical compounds

International Journal of Bioprinting requires authors to fulfill the requirements below while reporting and/or describing a chemical compound in articles:

Scenario	Requirements
Naming chemical compounds	Use either IUPAC conventions or common names such as cholesterol and cephalosporins
Reporting a new chemical compound	Provide the exact structure of the compound as well as sufficient data regarding the purity and identity of the compound
Reporting the use of a known chemical compound	Provide sufficient data regarding the source, purity and identity of the compound

 

Figures

Include all figures, including photographs, scanned images, graphs, charts and schematic diagrams, at the back of manuscript. Avoid unnecessary decorative effects (e.g., 3D graphs) and minimize image processing (e.g., changes in brightness and contrast applied uniformly for the entire figure should be avoided or minimized). All images should be set against white background.

All figures should be numbered (e.g., Figure 1, Figure 2) in boldface. Label all figures (e.g., axis, structures), and add caption (a brief title) and legend as a description of the illustration below each figure. Explain all symbols and abbreviations used. Each figure should have a brief title (also known as caption) that describes the entire figure without citing specific panels, followed by a legend, which is either the description of each panel or further description about the single image. Identify each panel with uppercase letters in parenthesis (e.g. (A), (B), (C), etc.) Figures must be cited in chronological manner in the text.

The preferred file formats for any separately submitted figure(s) are JPEG, PNG and TIFF. All figures should be of optimal resolution. Optimal resolutions preferred are 300 dots per inch (dpi) for RBG colored, 600 dpi for grayscale and 1,200 dpi for line art. Although there is no file-size limitation imposed, authors are highly encouraged to compress their figures to an ideal size without unduly affecting the legibility and resolution of figures.

If necessary, the editors may request author(s) to supply high-resolution and/or unprocessed images after submission or paper acceptance for pre-screening/review and production purposes, respectively.

 

Tables

Include all tables at the back of manuscript. Editable tables created using Microsoft Word are preferred. A table should be accompanied by a caption on top of it. Captions and legends should be concise. All tables should be numbered (e.g., Table 1, Table 2) in boldface. Explain all symbols and abbreviations used. Tables must be cited in chronological manner in the text.

 

Lists and math formulae

Lists and math formulae should be properly aligned and included within the main body of the manuscript. List them using Roman numerals in parenthesis (e.g. (I), (II), (III), (IV), etc.) Lists and math formulae must be cited in chronological manner in the text.

Lists and math formulae should be given in editable text and not as images. Use the solidus (/) for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables should be italicized.

 

Footnotes

Do not use footnotes.

 

In-text citations

Reference citations in the text should be numbered consecutively in superscript square brackets. Some examples:

• Negotiation research spans many disciplines^[3,4].
• This result was later contradicted by Becker and Seligman^[5].
• This effect has been widely studied^[1–3,7].

Do not include citations in the Abstract.

Personal communications and unpublished works can only be used in the manuscript and are not to be placed in the References section. Authors are advised to limit such usage to the minimum. These should be made identifiable by stating the authors, year of personal communications or unpublished works, and the words “personal communication” or “unpublished” in parenthesis, e.g., (Smith J, 2000, unpublished).

 

References

This section is compulsory and should be placed at the end of all manuscripts. Do not use footnotes or endnotes as a substitute for a reference list. The list of references should only include works that are cited in the text and that have been published or accepted for publication. Personal communications and unpublished works should be excluded from this section.

Authors being referenced are listed with their surname or last name followed by their initials. All references should be numbered (e.g. 1, 2, 3, and so on) and sequenced according to the order they appear as the in-text citations. References (especially journal article’s) should follow the general pattern: author(s), followed by year of publication, title of publication, abbreviated journal name in italics, volume number, issue number in parenthesis and lastly, page range or article ID. If the referred article has more than 3 authors, list only the first 3 authors and abbreviate the remaining authors as italicized “et al.” (meaning "and others"). Use of DOI is highly encouraged; include DOI, if available, after the page range or article ID. Examples of references for different types of publications are as follows:

 

(1) Journals

Journal article (print) with 1-3 authors:

Younger P, 2004, Using the internet to conduct a literature search. Nurs Stand, 19(6): 45–51.

Journal article (print) with more than 3 authors:

Gamelin FX, Baquet G, Berthoin S, et al., 2009, Effect of high intensity intermittent training on heart rate variability in prepubescent children. Eur J Appl Physiol, 105(1): 731–738.

Journal article (online) with 1-3 authors:

Jackson D, Firtko A, Edenborough M, 2007, Personal resilience as a strategy for surviving and thriving in the face of workplace adversity: A literature review. J Adv Nurs, 60(1): 1–9. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04412.x

Journal article (online) with more than 3 authors:

Hargreave M, Jensen A, Nielsen TSS, et al., 2015, Maternal use of fertility drugs and risk of cancer in children — A nationwide population-based cohort study in Denmark. Int J Cancer, 136(8): 1931–1939. http://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29235

 

(2) Books

Book with 1-3 authors:

Schneider Z, Whitehead D, Elliott D, 2007, Nursing and Midwifery Research: Methods and Appraisal for Evidence-based Practice, 3rd edn, Elsevier Australia, Marrickville, NSW, 112–130.

Book with more than 3 authors

Davis M, Charles L, Curry MJ, et al., 2003, Challenging Spatial Norms, Routledge, London, 12–30.

Chapter or article in book

Knowles MS, (eds) 1986, Independent study, in Using Learning Contracts, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, 89–96.

 

(3) Preprints

Preprint article with 1-3 authors:

Ulgen A, Gurkut O, Li W, 2019, Potential Predictive Factors for Breast Cancer Subtypes from a North Cyprus Cohort Analysis. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/19010181

Preprint article with more than 3 authors:

Wu S, Sun P, Li R, et al., 2020, Epidemiological Development of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in China and Its Forecast. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.21.20026229

 

(4) Others

Proceedings of meetings and symposiums, conference papers:

Chang SS, Liaw L, Ruppenhofer J, (eds) 2000, Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, February 12–15, 1999: General session and parasession on loan word phenomena. Berkeley Linguistics Society, Berkeley, 12–13.

Conference proceedings (from electronic database):

Wang T, Cook C, Derby B, 2009, Fabrication of a glucose biosensor by piezoelectric inkjet printing. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, 2009 (SENSORCOM-M’09), 82–85.

Online document with author names:

Este J, Warren C, Connor L, et al., 2008, Life in the clickstream: The future of journalism, Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance, viewed May 27, 2009, http://www.alliance.org.au/documents/ foj_report_final.pdf

Online document without author name:

Developing an argument, n.d., viewed March 30, 2009, http://web.princeton.edu/sites/writing/Writing_Center/WCWritingResources.htm

Thesis/Dissertation:

Gale L, 2000, The relationship between leadership and employee empowerment for successful total quality management, thesis, Australasian Digital Thesis database, University of Western Sydney, 110–130.

Standards:

Standards Australia Online, 2006, Glass in buildings: selection and installation, AS 1288-2006, amended January 31, 2008, SAI Global database, viewed May 19, 2009.

Government report:

National Commission of Audit, 1996, Report to the Commonwealth Government, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

Government report (online):

Department of Health and Ageing, 2008, Ageing and aged care in Australia, viewed November 10, 2008, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/ageing

No author:

Guide to agricultural meteorological practices, 1981, 2nd ed, Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, 10–20.

 

Note: When referencing an entry from a dictionary or an encyclopedia with no author there is no requirement to include the source in the reference list. In these cases, only cite the title and year of the source in-text. For an authored dictionary/encyclopedia, treat the source as an authored book.

 

Acknowledgments*

*This should be included in the title page and back matter file

This is an optional section where authors can acknowledge people and/or institutions that provided non-financial support and/or helped with the research and/or preparation of the manuscript. Examples of non-financial support include externally-supplied equipment/biological sources, writing assistance, administrative support, and contributions from non-authors.

 

Funding*

*This should be included in the title page and back matter file

Authors should declare all financial support and sources that were used to perform the research, analysis, and/or article publication. Financial supports are generally in the form of grants, royalties, consulting fees and others.

 

Conflict of interest*

*This should be included in the title page and back matter file

At the time of submission, authors must declare any (potential) conflicts or competing interests with any institutes, organizations or agencies that might influence the integrity of results or objective interpretation of their submitted works. For more information, see our Conflict of Interest policy.

 

Author contributions*

*This should be included in the title page and back matter file

This section should be included in original research articles, short communications, and review articles. In International Journal of Bioprinting, we encourage authors to use Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) [hyperlink: https://casrai.org/credit/] in describing each contributor’s specific contribution to the scholarly output in the Author Contributions section.

Definitions of each contributor role as per CRediT are as follows:

Contributor role	Definition
Conceptualization	Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims.
Data curation	Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later re-use.
Formal analysis	Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze or synthesize study data.
Funding acquisition	Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication.
Investigation	Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection.
Methodology	Development or design of methodology; creation of models.
Project administration	Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution.
Resources	Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools.
Software	Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components.
Supervision	Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team.
Validation	Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs.
Visualization	Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data presentation.
Writing – original draft	Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation).
Writing – review & editing	Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary or revision – including pre- or post-publication stages.

Below shows a sample Author Contributions section written based on the CRediT:

Conceptualization: Ali Jackson, Helen Meyer
Investigation: Ali Jackson, Tom Lewis-Hans, Han Xiang
Formal analysis: Han Xiang
Writing – original draft: Ali Jackson
Writing – review & editing: Helen Meyer, Joshua O’Brien

 

Ethics approval and consent to participate*

*This should be included in the title page and back matter file

If the paper describes a study that involves humans, animals and primary cell lines from human patients, provide a statement stipulating the name of research ethics committee or Institutional Review Board (IRB) that grants the approval to carry out said study, and include the research ethics approval number for reference. Be specific in detailing the aspects the committee or IRB permits or approves. If more than one ethics committee and/or IRB were involved, state all of their names and carefully detail the aspects each of them approve of for carry out the study.

If human subjects were involved, state what form of consent (e.g., written and/or verbal) and whether or not permission was obtained from each of the subjects to participate in the study. If consent taking was not performed when human subjects were involved, provide a justification herein.

If none of the above is pertinent, state “Not applicable”.

 

Consent for publication*

*This should be included in the title page and back matter file

If human subjects were involved, state what form of consent (e.g., written and/or verbal) and whether or not permission was obtained from each of the subjects to publish their data and/or images. Efforts must be made by the authors to at least mask or conceal any identifying information of the patients that appear in writing or within photograph. If consent taking was not performed when human subjects were involved, provide a justification herein.

If none of the above is pertinent, state “Not applicable”.

 

Availability of data*

*This should be included in the title page and back matter file

Describe how data for used in the study can be obtained.

If none of the above is pertinent, state “Not applicable”.

 

Further disclosure*

*This should be included in the title page and back matter file

This section is reserved to inform the readers and editors of a few aspects:

(i) Part of or the entire set of findings have been presented in a conference, academic meeting, congress, etc.; and/or

(ii) The paper has been uploaded to or deposited in a preprint server (provide name of preprint server and associated accession number or DOI of the preprint.

 

Supplementary files

This section is optional and contains all materials and figures that are excluded from the manuscript. These materials, figures or additional information are relevant to the manuscript but remain non-essential to readers’ understanding of the manuscript’s main content. All supplementary information should be submitted as a separate file during submission.

Supplementary figures and tables should be submitted in a single, separate supplementary file, and must be numbered, for example, Figure S1 and Table S1. All tables must be editable (preferably created from Microsoft Word). The acceptable formats of images and illustrations used in figures are JPEG, PNG and TIFF. Citations of these items must be appropriately referenced in the manuscript in chronological manner, for instance, “Additional information can be found in Table S1.” Note the additional letter S helps distinguish the normal from supplementary items.

Data set file are usually prepared using Microsoft Excel (in XLS or XLSX format).

Videos (MP4 format), with a constituent maximum size of 15 MB, can be uploaded as part of the supplementary file.

 

Revision and response/rebuttal letter

If the editorial decision for a submission is major revision or minor revision, authors are advised to revise the manuscript (and possibly, the supplementary files) as per the review reports and resubmit the revision file, including the manuscript, title page and back matter, cover letter, and response/rebuttal letter, before the due date.

Revisions should be done on the latest version of the manuscript (or in some rare cases, edited manuscript provided by the editor) with the track change on. The revisions made should be described and/or clarified in the response/rebuttal letter; ideally, explanation about the revisions should be made clear with the help of page number and line number. If authors do not agree with reviewers’ comments and suggestions, rebut their points with strong evidence and reasonable arguments.

Submission Preparation Checklist

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.

1. The submission has not been previously published, nor is it under consideration by another journal (or an explanation has been provided in Comments to the Editor).
2. The manuscript has been written and formatted based on the journal requirements and style (including references) set out in Author Guidelines.
3. For studies or experiments involving humans, animals and cell lines, relevant reporting guidelines have been followed (see specific policies here).
4. All authors have contributed substantially to this work and consented to submit the paper to International Journal Publishing, and to the best of authors’ knowledge, the entire research and paper writing process were carried out in adherence to the highest academic conduct standards and research ethics codes.
5. The conflicts or competing interests with any financial body or funding agency that might influence the results or interpretation of their submitted works has been declared as “conflict of interest statement” in the cover letter.
6. All authors have read and understand the Copyright and License section.
7. All authors have read the Submission Withdrawal Policy, and understand that if submission withdrawal is requested by authors on unethical and unreasonable grounds, authors are liable to pay submission withdrawal fee that is charged at 30% of the Article Processing Charge, or else, authors might be blacklisted for publishing with the journal.
8. Authors are obliged to pay Article Processing Charge once the paper is accepted for publication.

Copyright Notice

 

Copyright

The authors shall retain the copyright of their work but allow the Publisher to publish, copy, distribute, and convey the work.

 

License

International Journal of Bioprinting publishes accepted manuscripts under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Authors who submit their papers for publication by International Journal of Bioprinting agree to have the CC BY 4.0 license applied to their work, and that anyone is allowed to reuse the article or part of it free of charge for any purpose, including commercial use, as long as the author and original source is properly cited, anyone may copy, redistribute, reuse and transform the content.

For more information, refer to the journal’s Copyright and License section.