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REVIEW ARTICLE

State-of-the-art research progress and emerging strategies in digital light processing bioprinting for skin regeneration

Fowzul Islam Fahad1 ,  Minjun Ahn2 ,  Byoung Soo Kim1,2,3*
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1 Department of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
2 Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
3 Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
IJB, 026220217 https://doi.org/10.36922/IJB026220217
Received: 26 May 2026 | Revised: 24 June 2026 | Accepted: 26 June 2026 | Published online: 29 June 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Skin injuries, including burns, chronic wounds, and diabetic ulcers, present significant clinical challenges due to impaired healing, high risk of infection, and limited efficacy of conventional transdermal patches. Owing to recent advances in biomaterials and regenerative medicine, skin-repair strategies are currently focused on engineered patches that better mimic the native tissue structure and function. In particular, digital light processing (DLP)-based 3D printing is a powerful platform for fabricating high-resolution, personalized skin patches with precise architectural control compared to conventional approaches. The rapid layer-by-layer photopolymerization of hydrogel-based materials enables the creation of mechanically compliant biocompatible constructs that support cell proliferation, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Furthermore, DLP technology enables controlled therapeutic delivery by facilitating the integration of advanced functionalities, such as microneedle arrays, vascularized architectures, and stimuli-responsive systems. This review systematically discusses the fundamental principles of DLP printing, key parameters that govern printing fidelity, recent progress in bioink development, and emerging applications of DLP-fabricated skin patches in wound healing and skin regeneration. Additionally, current challenges and future perspectives are highlighted to guide the continued development and clinical translation of DLP-based regenerative skin therapies.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Digital light processing
3D printing
Transdermal drug delivery
Personalized patches
Skin regeneration
Wound healing
Funding
This work was supported by a two-year research grant from Pusan National University.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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