AccScience Publishing / IJB / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/ijb.8351
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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Osteogenesis induced by magnetic responsive composite scaffolds under a static magnetic field

ShuangShuang Zhuo1 ,  Ming Zhang2 ,  YongQiang Zhang3 ,  Xin Zhang4 ,  Rui Sang5 ,  Xin Fang4 ,  YiRan Yao1 ,  TingYue Qi1*
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1 Department of Ultrasound, Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
3 Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, China
4 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
5 Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
IJB, 8351 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.8351
Submitted: 31 December 2024 | Accepted: 25 February 2025 | Published: 25 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing Biomedical Polymer Materials)
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Currently, traditional osteogenesis methods face significant challenges in terms of therapeutic efficiency and biocompatibility, particularly in the context of bone repair where higher precision and efficacy are required. In this study, we fabricated a novel composite scaffold composed of polycaprolactone (PCL), polydopamine (PDA), and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and investigated its osteogenic potential. The incorporation of IONPs imparts magnetic responsiveness to the scaffold, thereby enabling the application of an external magnetic field to stimulate osteogenesis. Characterization of the scaffold confirmed its structural integrity, porosity, and biocompatibility, whereas the inclusion of PDA improved its hydrophilicity and cell adhesion properties. In vitro studies demonstrated that an external magnetic field significantly enhanced cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and mineral deposition of osteoprogenitor cells cultured on the scaffolds. Furthermore, in vivo evaluation revealed that when the scaffold was exposed to magnetic stimulation, bone regeneration was accelerated, and integration of the defect site was improved. The magnetic-field-mediated approach proposed in this study effectively enhanced the osteogenic rate by augmenting the magnetic responsiveness of IONPs and combining the biocompatibility and cell-adhesion-promoting functions of PCL/PDA. This method offers a more controllable and biologically responsive alternative strategy for bone tissue regeneration with considerable potential for clinical applications.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Bone regeneration
Bone remodeling
Iron oxide nanoparticles
Static magnetic fields
Funding
This work was financially supported by the Guiding Project of Social Development of Yangzhou City (Grant/Award Number: YZ2024118), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant Number: BK20230704), and the Special Fund for Medical Innovation and Transformation of Yangzhou University (Grant/Award Number: AHYZUCXTD202106).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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