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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Effects of modeling strategies of triply periodic minimal surface on the mechanical properties and permeability of biomedical TC4 porous scaffolds

Binghao Wang1,2 ,  Chengliang Yang1,2 ,  Chuanchuan Zheng1,2 ,  Miao Luo1,2 ,  Zheng Shi3 ,  Yuting Lv3* ,  Wen Peng4* ,  Liqiang Wang5,6*
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1 Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
2 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center for Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine Research on Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases Cohort, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Research, Baise, Guangxi, China
3 College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
4 Orthopedic Implant (Stable) Engineering Technology Research Center, Foshan, Guangdong, China
5 State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
6 National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
IJB 2024, 10(3), 2565 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.2565
Submitted: 28 December 2023 | Accepted: 16 February 2024 | Published: 29 March 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Modeling strategies play a crucial role in determining the unit shapes of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS), significantly affecting the mechanical and permeability properties of porous scaffolds. In this study, two distinct strategies including surface thickening and surface filling were used to construct scaffold models based on four basic TPMS structures (Primitive [P], Gyroid [G], Diamond [D], and I-graph-wrapped package [IW-P]). These models were successfully prepared using TC4 alloy and selective laser melting technology. Macro/micro morphology, mechanical properties, and permeability tests of porous implants were carried out. The results indicate that the scaffolds effectively replicated the designed models, exhibiting mechanical properties that match those of human tissue. The elastic modulus ranges from 3.03 to 4.57 GPa, and the tensile strength varies between 135.78 and 250.90 MPa. The surface thickening strategy alters the material distribution within the unit, enhancing load uniformity on the scaffolds, thereby increasing the strength of the scaffolds with G, D, and IW-P units, while reducing stress fluctuations during compression. In contrast, the surface filling structure exhibits excellent permeability, with permeability rates falling within the range of 0.88 to 1.91 × 10-9 m2, aligning with the permeability performance of trabecular bone. This study offers new insights into the design of porous scaffold models tailored for various application scenarios.

 

Keywords
Porous scaffolds
Triply periodic minimal surface
Mechanical performance
Modeling strategies
Funding
The authors acknowledge the financial supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52274387 and 52311530772).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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