In recent years, it has been indicated that there is a close relation between different factors and chronic diseases. These factors are claimed to be the reason for the development of a chronic disease. On the other side, it is supported that they also appear as a result of a chronic disease. In this context, the investigation of the relation mentioned above considers to be of great importance. This Special Issue of the GHES Journal aims to highlight the most recent research findings related to this topic. Specifically, the present Special Issue welcomes original or review papers which will focus on demographic, physical, psychological, social, spiritual, environmental and cultural factors and their association with chronic disease, for instance quality of life, mental health, health beliefs or adherence. Chronic diseases include, but are not limited to, type 1 and 2 diabetes, renal disease, pulmonary disease, heart disease, hypertension, arthritis, and osteoarthritis.