News and Announcements
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Factors influencing adherence to antiretroviral treatment among people living with HIV aged 15 – 60 years at Cité des Palmiers District Hospital, Cameroon
Godfroy Rostant Pokam Djoko1* ,
Eric Martin Nomo2 ,
Laura Ladouce Yanguem1 ,
Protais Cédric Mouenbori Sawi3 ,
Alexis Bagoïdi Ngouldang4 ,
Alice Ketchaji5
Show Less
1
Research Unit of Applied Biology and Ecology of the University of Dschang, Dschang,
Cameroon
2
Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences of the Catholic University of Central Africa; BP Yaoundé,
Cameroon
3
Biochemistry Research Unit of Medicinal Plants, Food Science and Nutrition of the University of Dschang, Dschang,
Cameroon
4
Department of Philosophy and Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Letters and Humanities of the University of Maroua, Maroua,
Cameroon
5
Department of Diseases, Epidemics and Pandemics, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé,
Cameroon
GHES, 4077 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.4077
Submitted: 29 June 2024 | Accepted: 28 August 2024 | Published: 3 October 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chronic Diseases – The Psychosocial Perspective)
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART), essential for halting the progression of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) infection and restoring immunity, should be taken regularly to be effective. This study aimed to assess the factors that may affect adherence to ART among people living with HIV (PLHIV) aged between 15 and 60 years at the Cité des Palmiers District Hospital. Thus, we conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study using a non-probabilistic, convenience survey. Data were collected using a questionnaire administered to PLHIV aged between 15 and 65 years (n = 309). These factors affecting adherence were established by determining relative and absolute frequencies, and associations were estimated by calculating the odds ratios, confidence intervals, and P-values. Subsequently, 48.5% of participants were found to comply with ART and 51.5% were not. The independent predictors of poor adherence to ART were missed appointments at the HIV unit, occasional use of excitants/cigarettes, fear of disclosing HIV status, perceived limited opening hours of HIV-related services, discomfort with medication, recent initiation of treatment, and use of therapy reminders. Our study results are essential to orient public health policies and measures toward PLHIV non-adherents to ART treatment and mitigate the social, economic, and health impact of HIV threats on developing countries by focusing on good adherence.
Keywords
HIV
Antiretroviral therapy
Influencing factors
Therapeutic adherence
Cité des Palmiers
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
References
- Addo, M.K., Aboagye, R.G., & Tarkang, E.E. (2022). Factors influencing adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV/ AIDS patients in the Ga West Municipality, Ghana. IJID Regions, 3:218-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.04.009
- Ankri, J., Le disert, D., & Henrard, J.C. (2015). Individual behavior regarding medications: From therapeutic compliance to the experience of illness, analysis of the literature. Public Health (Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy), 7(4):427-441.
- Arrieta-Martínez, J.A., Estrada-Acevedo, J.I., Gómez, C.A., Madrigal-Cadavid, J., Serna, J.A., Giraldo, P.A., et al. (2022). Related factors to non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV/AIDS patients. Farmacia Hospitalaria, 46(6):319-326. https://doi.org/10.7399/fh.11793
- Buh, A., Deonandan, R., Gomes, J., Krentel, A., Oladimeji, O., & Yaya, S. (2023). Prevalence and factors associated with HIV treatment non-adherence among people living with HIV in three regions of Cameroon: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 18(4):e0283991. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283991
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2010). Update: Trends in AIDS incidence, deaths, and prevalence- -United States, 1996. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 46(8):165-173.
- Collinet, O. (2019). Factors Associated with Poor Therapeutic Adherence among Patients Living with HIV at the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Gabon in 2019, p.54. Available from: https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-02401977 [Last accessed on 2024 Feb 18].
- Delfraissy, J.F. (2002). Management of People Infected with HIV: Recommendations from the Expert Group. Paris: Flammarion Médecine-Sciences, p.384.
- Do, N.T., Phiri, K., Bussmann, H., Gaolathe, T., Marlink, R.G., & Wester, C.W. (2010). Psychosocial factors affecting medication adherence among HIV-1 infected adults receiving combination antiretroviral Therapy (cART) in Botswana. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 26(6):685-691. https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2009.0222
- Heestermans, T., Browne, J.L., Aitken, S.C., Vervoort, S.C., & Klipstein-Grobusch, K. (2016). Determinants of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive adults in sub- Saharan Africa: A systematic review. BMJ Global Health, 1(4):e000125. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000125
- Isika, A.I., Shehu, A., Dahiru, T., Obi, I.F., Oku, A.O., Balogun, M.S., et al. (2022). Factors influencing adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adults in Cross River State, Nigeria: A cross-sectional study. The Pan African Medical Journal, 43:187. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2022.43.187.37172
- Kim, J., Lee, E., Park, B.J., Bang, J.H., & Lee, J.Y. (2018). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and factors affecting low medication adherence among incident HIV-infected individuals during 2009-2016: A nationwide study. Scientific Reports, 8(1):3133. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21081-x
- Lantche, M.W., Fokam, J., Cheudjui, A.J.N., Tchatchueng, J.B.M., Noumsi, T.S.J., Ateba, F.N., et al. (2021). Factors associated with non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adolescents aged 15-19 years: A snapshot from the Mother and Child Center in Yaounde, Cameroon. The Pan African Medical Journal, 39(154):154. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2021.39.154.27623
- Mbopi-Kéou, F.X., Dempouo Djomassi, L., & Monebenimp, F. (2012). Study of factors related to adherence to antiretroviral therapy among patients followed at HIV/AIDS Unit in the District Hospital of Dschang, Cameroon. The Pan African Medical Journal, 12:55.
- Mbuagbaw, L., Thabane, L., Ongolo-Zogo, P., Yondo, D., Noorduyn, S., Smieja, M., et al. (2012). Trends and determining factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Cameroon: A systematic review and analysis of the CAMPS trial. AIDS Research and Therapy, 9(1):37. https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-6405-9-37
- Moing, V.L., Chêne, G., Patrizia Carrieri, M., Besnier, J.M., Masquelier, B., Salamon, R., et al. (2001). Clinical, biologic, and behavioral predictors of early immunologic and virologic response in HIV-infected patients initiating protease inhibitors. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 27(4):372-376. https://doi.org/10.1097/00126334-200108010-00007
- Mouala, C., Roux, P., Okome, M., Sentenac, S., Okome, F., Nziengui, U., et al. (2006). Assessment of compliance with ARV treatment in Africa. Medicine Tropical (Mars), 66(6):610-614.
- Saag, M.S., Gandhi, R.T., Hoy, J.F., Landovitz, J., Thompson, M.A., Sax, P.E., et al. (2020). Antiretroviral drugs for treatment and prevention of HIV infection in adults: 2020 Recommendations of the international antiviral society- USA panel. JAMA, 324(16):1651-1669. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.17025
- Sánchez Peña, S., Pastor Bravo, M.D.M., Cánovas Tomás, M.Á., Almansa-Martínez, P., Peñalver Guillen, C., & Jiménez- Ruiz, I. (2021). Factors related to adherence to antiretroviral treatment in women with HIV: A mixed study with sequential design. Enfermería Global, 20(2):1-34. https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.437711
- (2021). Cameroon. UNAIDS. Available from: https:// www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/cameroon [Last accessed on 2024 Mar 07].
- (2022a). Fact Sheet--Latest Statistics on the Status of the AIDS Epidemic. Available from: https://www.unaids.org/fr/ resources/fact-sheet [Last accessed on 2024 Mar 12].
- (2022b). Fact Sheet--Latest Statistics on the Status of the AIDS Epidemic. Available from: https://www.unaids.org/fr/ resources/fact-sheet [Last accessed on 2024 Jan 22].
- Villiera, J.B., Katsabola, H., Bvumbwe, M., Mhango, J., Khosa, J., Silverstein, A., et al. (2022). Factors associated with antiretroviral therapy adherence among adolescents living with HIV in the era of isoniazid preventive therapy as part of HIV care. PLOS Global Public Health, 2(6):e0000418. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000418
- World Health Organization. (2016). Clinical guidelines: Antiretroviral therapy. In Consolidated Guidelines on the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs for Treating and Preventing HIV Infection: Recommendations for a Public Health Approach. 2nd Geneva: World Health Organization. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK374316 [Last accessed on 2024 Jan 14].
- World Health Organization. (2022). GHO by Category People (All Ages) Living with HIV -Estimates by WHO Region. Geneva: WHO; Available from: https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view. main.22100who [Last accessed on 2024 Feb 17].
- World Health Organization. (2023). GHO by Category Antiretroviral Therapy Coverage--Estimates by WHO Region. Available from: https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view. main.23300region?lang=en [Last accessed on 2024 Jan 08].