1. Submission Overview

2. Submission Preparation

3. Research and Publication Ethics

4. Authorship

5. Reviewers Suggestions and Exclusions

6. Editors and Journal Staff as Authors

7. Policy of the Use of AI and AI-assisted Technologies in Scientific Writing

8. Conflict of Interests

9. Editorial Process

10. Contact Us

1. Submission Overview

Before you decide to publish with Global Health Economics and Sustainability (GHES), please read the following items carefully and make sure that you are well aware of Editorial Policies and the following requirements.

1.1 Topic Suitability

The topic of the manuscript must fit the scope of the journal. Please refer to Aims and Scope for more information.

1.2 Open Access and Copyright

The journal adopts Gold Open Access publishing model and distributes content under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Copyright is retained by authors. Please make sure that you are well aware of these policies.

1.3 Publication Fees

The publication fee for each submission is $2000. There are no additional charges based on color, length, figures, or other elements. AccScience Publishing (ASP) provides expense deduction for authors as appropriate. For more details, please refer to ASP Article Processing Charges.

1.4 Language Editing

All submissions are required to be presented clearly and cohesively in good English. Authors whose first language is not English are advised to have their manuscripts checked or edited by a native English speaker before submission to ensure the high quality of expression. A well-organized manuscript in good English would make the peer review even the whole editorial handling more smoothly and efficiently.

1.5 Work Funded by the National Institutes of Health

If an accepted manuscript was funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH), the authors may inform Editors of the NIH funding number. The Editors are able to deposit the paper to the NIH Manuscript Submission System on behalf of the authors.

2. Submission Preparation

2.1 Cover Letter

A cover letter is required to be submitted accompanying each manuscript. It should be concise and explain why the study is significant, why it fits the scope of the journal, and why it would be attractive to readers, etc.
Here is a guideline of a cover letter for authors' consideration:
In the first paragraph: include the title and type (e.g., Original Research Article, Review, Case Report, etc.) of the manuscript, a brief on the background of the study, the question the author sought out to answer and why;
In the second paragraph: concisely explain what was done, the main findings and why they are significant;
In the third paragraph: indicate why the manuscript fits the Aims and Scope of the journal, and why it would be attractive to readers;
In the fourth paragraph: confirm that the manuscript has not been published elsewhere and not under consideration of any other journal. All authors have approved the manuscript and agreed on its submission to the journal. Journal's specific requirements have been met if any.
If the manuscript is contributed to a Special Issue, please also mention it in the cover letter.
If the manuscript was presented partly or entirely in a conference, the author should clearly state the background information of the event, including the conference name, time and place in the cover letter.

2.2 Types of Publications

The journal publishes Original Research Article, Review, Perspective Article, Case Report, Letter, Editorial, etc. There is no restriction on the number of figures, tables and references, provided that the manuscript is concise and comprehensive. For more details about paper type, please refer to the following table.

Mini Review

Mini Review articles should cover certain focused areas of exploration and/or recent developments. They are supposed to explain a summary of the topic, novel developments or emerging concepts. Mini Review articles should have a maximum word count of 3,000 and may contain no more than 2 Figures/Tables.

2.3 Manuscript Structure

In addition to referring to the Instructions for Authors set out in the following, we also recommend using our templates to prepare the submission files.

Templates:

- Title page & back matter template    Download

- Article template for Original Research Article   Download

- Article template for Review Article and Perspective Article   Download

2.3.1 Title Page & Back Matter

2.3.1.1 Title

The title of the manuscript should be concise, specific and relevant, with no more than 16 words if possible. When gene or protein names are included, the abbreviated name rather than full name should be used.

2.3.1.2 Authors and Affiliations

Authors' full names should be listed. The initials of middle names can be provided. Institutional addresses and email addresses for all authors should be listed. At least one author should be designated as corresponding author. In addition, corresponding authors are suggested to provide their Open Researcher and Contributor ID upon submission. Please note that any change to authorship is not allowed after manuscript acceptance.

2.3.1.3 Abstract

The abstract should provide the context or background for the study and should state the study's purpose, basic procedures (selection of study participants, settings, measurements, analytical methods), main findings (giving specific effect sizes and their statistical and clinical significance, if possible), and principal conclusions. It should emphasize new and important aspects of the study or observations, note important limitations, and not overinterpret findings. Clinical trial abstracts should include items that the CONSORT group has identified as essential. It is not allowed to contain results which are not presented and substantiated in the manuscript, or exaggerate the main conclusions. Citations should not be included in the abstract.

2.3.1.4 Keywords

Three to eight keywords should be provided, which are specific to the article, yet reasonably common within the subject discipline.

2.3.1.5 Acknowledgments

This is an optional section where authors can acknowledge people and/or institutions that provided non-financial support and/or helped with the research and/or preparation of the manuscript. People to be acknowledged include those who do not qualify as authors. Examples of non-financial support include externally-supplied equipment/biological sources, writing assistance, administrative support, and contributions from non-authors. Authors are responsible to obtain the permission for acknowledging people and/or institutions to be included in this list. If none of the above is pertinent, state “Not applicable”.

2.3.1.6 Funding

Authors should declare all financial support and sources that were used to perform the research, analysis, and/or article publication. Financial supports are generally in the form of grants, royalties, consulting fees and others. Organizations that provide the grants and grant numbers should be declared. If the study is not involved with this issue, state "None." in this section.

2.3.1.7 Conflict of Interest

At the time of submission, authors must declare any (potential) conflicts or competing interests with any institutes, organizations or agencies that might influence the integrity of results or objective interpretation of their submitted works. For more information, see our Conflict of Interest policy. State “The authors declare they have no competing interests” or words to that effect, if the authors do not have anything to declare.

2.3.1.8 Authors' Contributions

Each author is expected to have made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work, or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data, or the creation of new software used in the work, or have drafted the work or substantively revised it. We encourage authors to use Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) in describing each contributor’s specific contribution to the scholarly output in the Author Contributions section.

Below shows a sample Author Contributions section written based on the CRediT:

Conceptualization: Ali Jackson, Helen Meyer
Investigation: Ali Jackson, Tom Lewis-Hans, Han Xiang
Methodology: Dolores Hans
Formal analysis: Han Xiang
Writing – original draft: Ali Jackson
Writing – review & editing: Helen Meyer, Joshua O’Brien

If an article is single-authored, please include "The author contributed solely to the article." in this section.

2.3.1.9 Ethics Approval and Aonsent to Participate

Research involving human subjects, human material or human data must be performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by an appropriate ethics committee. An informed consent to participate in the study should also be obtained from participants, or their parents or legal guardians for children under 16. A statement detailing the name of the ethics committee (including the reference number where appropriate) and the informed consent obtained must appear in the manuscripts reporting such research.

Studies involving animals and cell lines must include a statement on ethical approval. More information is available at Editorial Policies.

If the manuscript does not involve such issue, please state "Not applicable." in this section.

2.3.1.10 Consent for Publication

If human subjects were involved, state what form of consent (e.g., written and/or verbal) and whether or not permission was obtained from each of the subjects to publish their data and/or images. Efforts must be made by the authors to at least mask or conceal any identifying information of the patients that appear in writing or within photograph. If consent taking was not performed when human subjects were involved, provide a justification herein.

If none of the above is pertinent, state “Not applicable”.

2.3.1.11 Availability of Data

In order to maintain the integrity, transparency and reproducibility of research records, authors should include this section in their manuscripts, detailing where the data supporting their findings can be found. Data can be deposited into data repositories or published as supplementary information in the journal. Authors who cannot share their data should state that the data will not be shared and explain it. If a manuscript does not involve such issue, please state "Not applicable." in this section.

2.3.1.12 Further Disclosure

This section is reserved to inform the readers and editors of a few aspects:

(i) Part of or the entire set of findings have been presented in a conference, academic meeting, congress, etc.; and/or

(ii) The paper has been uploaded to or deposited in a preprint server (provide name of preprint server and associated accession number or DOI of the preprint.

2.3.2 Main Text

Manuscripts of different types are structured with different sections of content. Please refer to Types of Manuscripts to make sure which sections should be included in the manuscripts.

2.3.2.1 Introduction

The introduction should contain background that puts the manuscript into context, allow readers to understand why the study is important, include a brief review of key literature, and conclude with a brief statement of the overall aim of the work and a comment about whether that aim was achieved. Relevant controversies or disagreements in the field should be introduced as well.

2.3.2.2 Methods

Methods should contain sufficient details to allow others to fully replicate the study. New methods and protocols should be described in detail while well-established methods can be briefly described or appropriately cited. Experimental participants selected, the drugs and chemicals used, the statistical methods taken, and the computer software used should be identified precisely. Statistical terms, abbreviations, and all symbols used should be defined clearly. Protocol documents for clinical trials, observational studies, and other non-laboratory investigations may be uploaded as supplementary materials.

2.3.2.3 Results

This section contains the findings of the study. Results of statistical analysis should also be included either as text or as tables or figures if appropriate. Authors should emphasize and summarize only the most important observations. Data on all primary and secondary outcomes identified in the section Methods should also be provided. Extra or supplementary materials and technical details can be placed in supplementary documents.

2.3.2.4 Discussion

This section should discuss the implications of the findings in context of existing research and highlight limitations of the study. Future research directions may also be mentioned.

2.3.2.5 Conclusion

It should state clearly the main conclusions and include the explanation of their relevance or importance to the field.

2.3.2.6 References

Authors are responsible for the accuracy and completeness of their references and for correct text citation. The references in reference list should be arranged in alphabetical order of the first author’s surname. Authors referenced should be listed with their surname followed by their initials. All references should also appear as an in-text citation. When listing references, follow APA style and abbreviate names of journals according to the journals list in PubMed. List all authors and/or editors up to 6; if more than 6, list the first 3 followed by "et al." Note: Journal references should include the issue number in parentheses after the volume number.

Examples of reference style:

Arsa, G., Lima, L. C. J., Motta-Santos, D., Cambri, L. T., & Grubert Campbell, C. S. (2015). Effects of prior exercise on glycemic responses following carbohydrate inges on in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Clinical and Translational Research, 1(1), 22-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18053/jctres.201501.002

Blanco, E. E., Meade, J. C., Richards, W. D., (inventors). & Ophthalmic, V. (assignee). (1990). Surgical Stapling System. US patent. 4,969,591.

Conway, K. M. (2014). Critical quantitative study of immigrant students. In: FK Stage and RS Wells (eds.). New Scholarship in Critical Quantitative Research — Part 1. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, p.51–64. 

Este, J., Warren, C., & Connor, L. (2008). Life in the clickstream: The future of journalism. Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance. Available from: http://www.alliance.org.au/documents/ foj_report_final.pdf [Last accessed: 2021 Jan 5]

Gale, L. (2000). The relationship between leadership and employee empowerment for successful total quality management [PhD Thesis]. Australasian Digital Thesis database, University of Western Sydney, p.110–130.

Liu, Z.S. (2020). Zhongmei maoyizhan dui Zhongguo jingji fazhan yu yingdui qihou bianhua de yingxiang ji yingdui [The influence of the trade war between China and the United States on China’s economic development and its response to climate change and relevant countermeasures]. Shijie Huanjing, 2020(1): 43-45. http://doi.org/10.1590/shijiehuanjing-4989201100108 [Article in Chinese]

Moreno, C. & Cendales, R. (2011). Mortalidad y años potenciales de vida perdidos por homicidios en Colombia, 1985–2006 [Mortality and potential loss of life caused by murders in Colombia from 1985 to 2006]. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 30(4):342-353. http://doi.org/10.1590/S1020-4989201100108 [Article in Spanish]

National Commission of Audit. (1996). Report to the Commonwealth Government, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

Obisesan, T. O. & Gillum, R. F. (2009). Cognitive function, social integration and mortality in a U.S. national cohort study of older adults. BMC Geriatrics, 9(2):33. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-9-33

Roberts, S. (2020, April 9). Early string ties us to Neanderthals. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/09/science/neanderthals-fiber-string-math.html [Last accessed: 2021 Jan 5].

Schneider, Z., Whitehead, D., & Elliott, D. (2007). Nursing and Midwifery Research: Methods and Appraisal for Evidence-based Practice. 3^rd ed. Marrickville, NSW: Elsevier Australia.

Standards Australia. (2006). Glass in buildings: selection and installation, AS 1288-2006, amended January 31, 2008, SAI Global database.

Twenty One Pilots, Nicolas Bourbaki, and the empty set. Journal of Improbable Mathematics, 27(1), 1935–1968. https://doi.org/10.0000/3mp7y-537

Ulgen, A., Gurkut, O., & Li, W. (2019). Potential predictive factors for breast cancer subtypes from a North Cyprus cohort analysis. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/19010181

United Nations. (2017). World population prospects: The 2017 revision. Key findings and advance tables[online]. New York, NY, USA: United Nations Publications. Available from: https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2017_KeyFindings.pdf [Last accessed: 2021 Jan 5]

World Health Organization. (2014). Comprehensive implementation plan on maternal, infant and young child nutrition. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/113048/WHO_NMH_NHD_14.1_eng.pdf?ua=1 [Last accessed: 2021 Jan 5]

For more examples of electronic references, click here.

The journal also recommends that authors prepare references with a bibliography software package, such as EndNote to avoid typing mistakes and duplicated references.

2.3.2.7 Supplementary Materials

Additional data and information can be uploaded as Supplementary Materials to accompany the manuscripts. The supplementary materials will also be available to the referees as part of the peer-review process. Any file format is acceptable, such as data sheet (word, excel, csv, cdx, fasta, pdf or zip files), presentation (powerpoint, pdf or zip files), image (cdx, eps, jpeg, pdf, png or tiff), table (word, excel, csv or pdf), audio (mp3, wav or wma) or video (avi, divx, flv, mov, mp4, mpeg, mpg or wmv). All information should be clearly presented. Supplementary materials should be cited in the main text in numeric order (e.g., Supplementary Figure 1, Supplementary Figure 2, Supplementary Table 1, Supplementary Table 2,etc.). The style of supplementary figures or tables complies with the same requirements on figures or tables in main text. Videos and audios should be prepared in English, and limited to a size of 500 MB.

2.4 Manuscript Format

2.4.1 File Format

Manuscript files can be in DOC and DOCX formats and should not be locked or protected.

2.4.2 Length

The word limit is specified in the item "Types of Manuscripts". There are no restrictions on number of figures or amount of supporting documents. Authors are encouraged to present and discuss their findings concisely.

2.4.3 Language

Manuscripts must be written in English.

2.4.4 Multimedia Files

• The journal supports manuscripts with multimedia files. The requirements are listed as follows:
• Video or audio files are only acceptable in English. The presentation and introduction should be easy to understand. The frames should be clear, and the speech speed should be moderate.
• A brief overview of the video or audio files should be given in the manuscript text.
• The video or audio files should be limited to a size of up to 500 MB.
• Please use professional software to produce high-quality video files, to facilitate acceptance and publication along with the submitted article. Upload the videos in mp4, wmv, or rm format (preferably mp4) and audio files in mp3 or wav format.

2.4.5 Figures

• Figures should be cited in numeric order (e.g., Figure 1, Figure 2) and placed after the paragraph where it is first cited;
• Figures can be submitted in format of tiff, jpegand png, with resolution of 300-600 dpi;
• Figure caption is placed under the Figure;
• Diagrams with describing words (including, flow chart, coordinate diagram, bar chart, line chart, and scatter diagram,etc.) should be editable in word, excel or powerpoint format. Non-English information should be avoided;
• Labels, numbers, letters, arrows, and symbols in figure should be clear, of uniform size, and contrast with the background;
• Symbols, arrows, numbers, or letters used to identify parts of the illustrations must be identified and explained in the legend;
• Internal scale (magnification) should be explained and the staining method in photomicrographs should be identified;
• All non-standard abbreviations should be explained in the legend;
• Permission for use of copyrighted materials from other sources, including re-published, adapted, modified, or partial figures and images from the internet, must be obtained. It is authors' responsibility to acquire the licenses, to follow any citation instruction requested by third-party rights holders, and cover any supplementary charges.

2.4.6 Tables

• Tables should be cited in numeric order and placed after the paragraph where it is first cited;
• The table caption should be placed above the table and labeled sequentially (e.g., Table 1, Table 2);
• Tables should be provided in editable form like DOC or DOCX format (picture is not allowed);
• Abbreviations and symbols used in table should be explained in footnote;
• Explanatory matter should also be placed in footnotes;
• Permission for use of copyrighted materials from other sources, including re-published, adapted, modified, or partial tables from the internet, must be obtained. It is authors' responsibility to acquire the licenses, to follow any citation instruction requested by third-party rights holders, and cover any supplementary charges.

2.4.7 Abbreviations

Abbreviations should be defined upon first appearance in the abstract, main text, and in figure or table captions and used consistently thereafter. Non-standard abbreviations are not allowed unless they appear at least three times in the text. Commonly-used abbreviations, such as DNA, RNA, ATP, etc., can be used directly without definition. Abbreviations in titles and keywords should be avoided, except for the ones which are widely used.

2.4.8 Italics

General italic words likevs.,et al., etc., in vivo, in vitro; test, Ftest, Utest; related coefficient asr, sample number asn, and probability asP; names of genes; names of bacteria and biology species in Latin.

2.4.9 Units

SI Units should be used. Imperial, US customary and other units should be converted to SI units whenever possible. There is a space between the number and the unit (i.e., 23 mL). Hour, minute, second should be written as h, min, s.

2.4.10 Numbers

Numbers appearing at the beginning of sentences should be expressed in English. When there are two or more numbers in a paragraph, they should be expressed as Arabic numerals; when there is only one number in a paragraph, number < 10 should be expressed in English and number > 10 should be expressed as Arabic numerals. 12345678 should be written as 12,345,678.

2.4.11 Equations

Equations should be editable and not appear in a picture format. Authors are advised to use either the Microsoft Equation Editor or the MathType for display and inline equations.

2.5 Submission Link

Submit an article via https://accscience.com/user/manuscripts/submission?journal_name=GHES

3. Research and Publication Ethics

Please refer to ASP Research and Publication Ethics.

4. Authorship

Authorship credit of GHES should be solely based on substantial contributions to a published study, as specified in the following four criteria:

• Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work, or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work;
• Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content;
• Final approval of the version to be published;
• Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

All those who meet these criteria should be identified as authors. Authors must specify their contributions in the section Authors' Contributions of their manuscripts. Contributors who do not meet all the four criteria (like only involved in acquisition of funding, general supervision of a research group, general administrative support, writing assistance, technical editing, language editing, proofreading, etc.) should be acknowledged in the section of Acknowledgement in the manuscript rather than being listed as authors.

If a large multiple-author group has conducted the work, the group ideally should decide who will be authors before the work starts and confirm authors before submission. All authors of the group named as authors must meet all the four criteria for authorship.
AI and AI-assisted technologies should not be listed as an author or co-author.

5. Reviewers Suggestions and Exclusions

During the submission process, please suggest three potential reviewers with the appropriate expertise to review the manuscript. The editors will not necessarily approach these referees. Please provide detailed contact information (address, homepage, phone, e-mail address). The proposed referees should neither be current collaborators of the co-authors nor have published with any of the co-authors of the manuscript within the last three years. Proposed reviewers should be from different institutions to the authors. You may identify appropriate Editorial Board members of the journal as potential reviewers. You may suggest reviewers from among the authors that you frequently cite in your paper.

You are welcome to exclude a limited number of researchers as potential Editors or reviewers of your manuscript. To ensure a fair and rigorous peer review process, we ask that you keep your exclusions to a maximum of three people. If you wish to exclude additional referees, please explain or justify your concerns—this information will be helpful for Editors when deciding whether to honor your request.

6. Editors and Journal Staff as Authors

Editorial independence is extremely important and Editorial Office staff do not interfere with editorial decisions.
Editorial staff or Editors shall not be involved in the processing their own academic work. Submissions authored by editorial staff/Editors will be assigned to at least two independent outside reviewers. Decisions will be made by other Editorial Board members who do not have conflict of interests with the author. Journal staff are not involved in the processing of their own work submitted to any ASP journals.

7. Policy of the Use of AI and AI-assisted Technologies in Scientific Writing

Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies (e.g., large language models) are expected to be increasingly used to create content. In the writing process of manuscripts, using AI and AI-assisted technologies to complete key researcher work, such as producing scientific insights, analyzing and interpreting data or drawing scientific conclusions, is not allowed, and they should only be used to improve the readability and language of manuscripts.

AI and AI-assisted technologies should be used under human control and supervision as they may generate incorrect or prejudiced output, and they should not be listed as an author or co-author, nor cited as an author.

The use of AI and AI-assisted technologies should be disclosed by authors in their manuscripts, and a statement will be required in the final publication.

ASP will keep monitoring the development and adjust the policy when necessary.

8. Conflict of Interests

GHES requires authors to declare any possible financial and/or non-financial conflicts of interest in the cover letter and back matter, as well as confirm this point when submitting their manuscript in the submission system. If no conflicts of interest exist, authors need to state "The authors declare no conflicts of interest". We also recognize that some authors may be bound by confidentiality agreements, in which cases authors need to sate "The authors declare that they are bound by confidentiality agreements that prevent them from disclosing their competing interests in this work".

9. Editorial Process

Please refer to ASP Editorial Process.

* In this journal, the final publication will display the name and role of the Academic Editor who made the acceptance decision for a manuscript after a full peer review. To facilitate a seamless editorial process, the GHES journal mandates that authors utilize the "Track Changes" functionality in Microsoft Word to clearly indicate their amendments.

10. Contact Us

Ms. Elsa Guo

Managing Editor
ghes.office@accscience.sg

Locations

Global Health Economics and Sustainability
Singapore Headquarters
8 Burn Road#15-03 Trivex Singapore 369977
Office Hours: 9:00-17:00 (GMT +8)

Beijing Office, China
Tel: +010-6030 6742
Area 1, Hanwei International Plaza, 186 Neihuan West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
Office Hours: 9:00-17:30 (GMT +8)

Kuala Lumpur Office, Malaysia
Tel: +603 9549 5873
30-2, Jalan BS 1/2, Olive Hill Business park, 43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
Office Hours: 8:30-17:30 (GMT +8)