The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic network of cells, molecules, and extracellular matrix that influences tumor growth, progression, and response to therapy. The TME also modulates the immune system, which can either recognize and eliminate tumor cells or promote tumor survival and evasion. Understanding the mechanisms of immune regulation in the TME is crucial for developing novel immunomodulatory and antitumor strategies that can enhance the efficacy and safety of cancer immunotherapy. 

This special issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research on immunomodulation and antitumor strategies in the TME. We invite original research articles and reviews that address the following topics: 

• The role of immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, and other mediators in the TME.
• The molecular and cellular mechanisms of immune evasion and suppression in the TME.
• The identification and characterization of novel targets and biomarkers for immunomodulation and antitumor therapy in the TME.
• The development and evaluation of novel immunomodulatory and antitumor agents and approaches that target the TME.
• The clinical implications and challenges of immunomodulation and antitumor strategies in the TME.

We hope that this special issue will stimulate further research and innovation in the field of immunomodulation and antitumor strategies in the TME and contribute to the advancement of cancer immunotherapy.