This Special Issue aims to consolidate cutting-edge research on the communication between the gut microbiome and ocular health. With growing evidence linking gut dysbiosis to ocular inflammatory, degenerative, and autoimmune diseases, this issue seeks to explore molecular mechanisms, clinical correlations, and emerging therapeutic strategies. We welcome original research, reviews, and perspective articles that advance our understanding of how gut-derived signals modulate ocular immunity, neuroprotection, and disease progression. Submissions emphasizing innovative methodologies, including multi-omics integration, bioinformatics tools, and database mining are also welcomed.

Possible themes include, but are not limited to:

     Mechanisms of gut–eye crosstalk (e.g., microbial metabolites, immune cell trafficking, vagal signaling)

      Gut microbiome in multiple ocular diseases (e.g., uveitis, age-related macular degeneration, dry eye disease, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy)

      Nutritional interventions, probiotics, and prebiotics for ocular health

      Animal models and methodologies for studying the gut–eye axis

      Novel methodologies in gut–eye axis research, including but not limited to: Multi-omics approaches (metagenomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics); Advanced bioinformatics and computational modeling; Mining and integration of existing and novel databases; and Imaging-omics and AI-driven biomarker discovery

      Translational and clinical applications

This issue will provide a multidisciplinary platform to bridge gastroenterology and ophthalmology, fostering collaboration and highlighting novel therapeutic avenues. It will serve as a foundational reference for researchers and clinicians, potentially influencing future guidelines for integrative management of eye diseases through gut modulation