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MINI-REVIEW

Uncovering novel species and bioactive compounds from psychrophilic actinobacteria: A concise review

Galana Siro1* ,  Atanas Pipite2 ,  Sathiyaraj Srinivasan3
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1 Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Agriculture, Geography, Environment, Ocean and Natural Sciences, The University of The South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Suva , Fiji
2 School of Natural Sciences, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North , New Zealand
3 Department of Bio and Environmental Technology, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women’s University, Hwarangno, Nowon-gu, Seoul , Korea
MI 2026, 3(4), 025350087 https://doi.org/10.36922/MI025350087
Received: 26 August 2025 | Revised: 22 September 2025 | Accepted: 10 October 2025 | Published online: 7 November 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

The cold environments serve as life-entrapping reservoirs of diverse life forms, ranging from eukaryotes to diverse microbial inoculi. Actinobacteria are omnipresent in cold environments, and their existence is notably linked to a remarkable potential for producing and harboring unique metabolites. Their ability to survive in such extreme conditions is supported by a range of adaptations tailored to their specific niche, including cold-resistant traits. In this review, we summarize recent advances (2017–2025) regarding psychrophilic actinobacteria, focusing on newly identified species and novel compounds reported in the literature. Notably, we highlight the discovery of 44 new species as well as nine new compounds across various actinobacteria genera. The inventory of abiotic hurdles associated with cold environments positions this field as a potential hotspot and emerging frontier for sourcing pharmaceutical-like compounds of exceptional ingenuity and complexity. By providing an overview of the recent discoveries in psychrophilic actinobacteria and their intriguing metabolites, this review aims to offer valuable insights to facilitate bioprospecting efforts in cold ecosystems.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Psychrophilic actinobacteria
Cold environments
Multidrug resistance
Bioactive compounds
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Microbes & Immunity, Electronic ISSN: 3029-2883 Print ISSN: 3041-0886, Published by AccScience Publishing
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