Colorectal cancer (CRC) arises within a complex tissue environment in which tumor cells interact with stromal and immune cells, vascular structures, the extracellular matrix, and organ-specific niches. Patient-derived organoids preserve many features of the original tumor, but conventional models still have difficulty reproducing tissue organization, multicellular interactions, vascular transport, mechanical signals, and the stepwise process of metastasis. This review integrates the spectrum of engineered CRC models from spheroids and patient-derived organoids to 3D-bioprinted constructs and microphysiological systems with particular emphasis on modeling the primary tumor–portal circulation–liver metastasis continuum. This narrative review was informed by a structured search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase from database inception to September 14, 2026, with emphasis on patient-derived and microenvironment-integrated CRC models. Recent platforms increasingly incorporate organ-specific matrices, stromal and immune components, vascularization, perfusion, and spatial control, allowing key steps of invasion, vascular dissemination, hepatic colonization, dormancy, and treatment response to be studied. However, most models still capture only part of the metastatic process, and clinical validation remains limited and heterogeneous. We propose a five-domain framework covering cellular, spatial, mechanical, dynamic, and clinical fidelity, together with a four-tier translational evidence hierarchy and the CRC-BioPrint minimum reporting checklist. Future models should favor reproducibility and fitness for purpose over unnecessary complexity. Combining functional testing with molecular, spatial, and clinical data may improve the translational relevance of engineered CRC models, although their prospective clinical utility remains to be established.