Traditional spinal fusion cages and autologous bone grafts face well- recognized limitations, creating a growing clinical need for the next-generation fusion technologies. Research has accelerated the development of bioactive materials, with hydrogels emerging as a particularly versatile class for bone repair. These materials can offer both structural support while facilitating tissue regeneration through the incorporation of therapeutics to promote integration with the native bone. The convergence of hydrogel design and bioprinting technologies may enable customizable, biological active fusion constructs that function with the bodies repair mechanisms, allowing for more personalized and optimum treatment outcomes. This review summarizes current research on bioprinted hydrogels systems. Firstly, by looking at the materials choice, the influence it has on mechanical strength, degradability, ability to use as a bioink for 3D printing and the inclusion of nanomaterials. Secondly, by summarizing pre-clinical computational approaches to assess scaffold design and material on its mechanical behavior, assessing the influence printing parameters has on the material properties and the influence of printing strategies and material flow has on cell viability Overall, demonstrating possible new research avenues for the development of new therapeutic platforms for spinal fusion applications.