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REVIEW ARTICLE

Advanced 3D bioprinting for bone oncology research

Miao Wang1 ,  Tingyao Zang1 ,  Xinghong Sun1,2 ,  Xiangran Cui1,2* ,  Ning Wang1,2*
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1 Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
2 Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
IJB, 026130115 https://doi.org/10.36922/IJB026130115
Received: 24 March 2026 | Revised: 6 May 2026 | Accepted: 13 May 2026 | Published online: 13 May 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Bone tumors are malignant diseases that pose a serious threat to human health, with an increasing incidence rate. Traditional two-dimensional cell cultures and mouse xenograft models have limitations in replicating the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and in accurately mimicking in vivo physiological conditions. Three-dimensional bioprinting technology, as an advanced biofabrication technique, can efficiently, economically, and consistently construct tumor models with complex geometric structures by precisely controlling the spatial distribution of cells, growth factors, and biomaterials. Three-dimensional printed bone tumor models based on bioinks possess higher biological fidelity and physiological relevance, realistically recreating the complex structure and function of the tumor microenvironment and accurately simulating tumor heterogeneity, cell migration, proliferation, invasion, and intercellular interactions. This technology can not only effectively simulate key biological processes of tumor development and progression but also accurately evaluate the response of tumor cells to novel anticancer drugs, supporting the realization of personalized precision medicine. Therefore, three-dimensional bioprinting technology provides a powerful scientific tool and new research ideas for the mechanistic study of bone tumors, the screening and optimization of anticancer drugs, and the development of personalized treatment plans.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
3D bioprinting
Tumor microenvironment
Bone tumors
In vitro models
Precision medicine
Funding
This work was supported by the Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Project (JYTMS20231829) and the Liaoning Provincial Department of Science and Technology Project (2023-MSLH-157).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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