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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Preparation and characterization of dental nanocomposite resin for 3D-printed dental crown and bridge restorations

Junlong Liu1,2,3,4,5,6 ,  Weiqu Wang7 ,  Yuanli Zheng1,2,3,4,5,6* ,  Zhe Zhao7* ,  Yaoyang Xiong1,2,3,4,5,6*
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1 Department of First Dental Clinic, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
2 College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
3 National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
4 National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
5 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
6 Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
7 Department of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
IJB 2025, 11(2), 545–572; https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.6400
Submitted: 21 November 2024 | Accepted: 20 January 2025 | Published: 21 January 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology exhibits remarkable potential in dental manufacturing due to its exceptional precision, customization capabilities, and rapid prototyping abilities. Compared to crown and bridge restorations produced through milling and sintering, resin restorations fabricated using DLP printing technology offer higher accuracy and more efficient and economical processing methods. However, the clinical application of DLP-printed tooth crowns and bridge prostheses is limited by their poor mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In this study, a light-curing resin matrix was formulated using urethane dimethacrylate, poly(propylene glycol) dimethacrylate, and a novel photoinitiator 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl bis(p-tolyl) phosphine oxide. Silane-modified nano-silica (SiO2) was used as a reinforcing filler to achieve different solid contents in the resin matrix. Four groups of DLP-printed dental nanocomposite resins (DNRs) were prepared with varying solid contents: 16, 19, 22, and 25 wt%. Subsequently, comprehensive evaluations were conducted on the rheological properties, flexural strength, compressive strength, hardness, water absorption capacity, solubility, double bond conversion efficiency, and light transmittance of DNRs with different solid contents. The esthetic properties and biocompatibility of DNRs were further assessed using gingival fibroblasts. The results demonstrated that incorporating 19 wt% SiO2 nanoparticles into the resin matrix significantly enhanced both physical– mechanical properties and biocompatibility of DNRs. In conclusion, the DLP-printed dental nanocomposite with a solid content of 19 wt% exhibited excellent physical– mechanical properties and biocompatibility, suggesting its potential for application in crown and bridge restorations for DLP-printed teeth.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
3D printing
Biocompatibility
Dental crown and bridge
Dental nanocomposite resin
Mechanical physical properties
Nano-SiO2
Funding
The study received financial support from the Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province (No. 2022C01186), the Leading Entrepreneurial Team Project of Zhejiang Province (No. 2021R02016), the Health Industry Clinical Research Special Project of Shanghai Health Commission (No.202440008), and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (No.23ZR1453600)
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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