AccScience Publishing / IJB / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/ijb.4955
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RESEARCH ARTICLE

3D bioprinting of biomimetic trachea with interspersed cartilage and vascularized connective tissue for prompt segmental tracheal reconstruction

Pengli Wang1 ,  Ziming Wang1 ,  Bohui Li2 ,  Lei Xie3 ,  Liang Guo1 ,  Yong Xu1* ,  Dan Li4* ,  Jiaoyu Yi5* ,  Tao Bo1*
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1 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
2 Plastic Surgery Institute, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
3 Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
4 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
5 Department of Plastic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
IJB, 4955 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.4955
Submitted: 25 September 2024 | Accepted: 19 November 2024 | Published: 20 November 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Segmental tracheal reconstruction remains a significant clinical challenge due to the lack of ideal tracheal substitutes. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technique offers a promising avenue for the development of native-like tracheal substitutes. However, several challenges remain to be addressed, including deformation of 3D-printed C-shaped cell-laden hydrogels, fusion of regenerated C-shaped cartilage, and difficulty in regenerating vascularized connective tissue. Herein, we utilized 3D printing techniques to fabricate C-shaped chondrocyte-laden GelMA/ PCL (CcGP) and S-shaped PCL chains (SPC). These were assembled into the SPC-CcGP construct, followed by mold casting (VEGF@GelMA) to establish tissue-engineered tracheal construct (TETC). In vitro experiments confirmed the stable chondrogenic potential of CcGP and the angiogenic capability of VEGF@GelMA. Subcutaneous implantation in nude mice and orthotopic transplantation in rabbit model further demonstrated that the TETC could achieve stable regeneration of cartilage and vascularized connective tissue. The engineered trachea could maintain luminal patency following prompt repair of rabbit tracheal defects. This study offers a promising approach for developing engineered tracheas with regenerated cartilage and vascularized connective tissue for prompt and effective segmental tracheal defect repair.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
3D printing
Mold
Cartilage
Trachea reconstruction
Vascularized connective tissue
Funding
The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82300068, 82102227, and 82302395), Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (2023QNRC001), and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (22YF1437400).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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