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REVIEW

Revolutionizing regenerative rehabilitation: 3D printing for musculoskeletal regeneration

Ai-Jia Guan1,2 ,  Yong-Chao Zhao3 ,  Xiao-Na Xiang1,2 ,  Ma-Ling Gou3* ,  Hong-Chen He1,2*
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1 Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
2 Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
3 Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
IJB, 4925 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.4925
Submitted: 24 September 2024 | Accepted: 7 November 2024 | Published: 8 November 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Musculoskeletal disorders, such as bone fractures, osteoarthritis, meniscus injuries, muscle diseases, and tendon injuries, are common disorders among individuals in need of rehabilitation. Trauma, sports-related injuries, and degeneration mainly cause these disorders. Regenerative rehabilitation medicine aims to enhance the regenerative capacity of musculoskeletal tissues and optimize functional recovery through the combination of regenerative medicine and rehabilitation medicine treatments. However, these treatments are insufficient for the complete restoration of damaged tissue structures. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, referred to as the additive manufacturing (AM) technique, can accelerate the rehabilitation process for musculoskeletal diseases, especially for developing regenerative rehabilitation and engineering rehabilitation. Recently, an increasing number of studies reported on the basic and clinical applications of 3D printing in assisting with the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, this review summarizes how 3D printing technologies are changing treatment and assessment methods, as well as improving therapeutic outcomes in regenerative rehabilitation for musculoskeletal diseases. Finally, this review discusses the current status of the clinical translation for 3D printing.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
3D printing
Regenerative rehabilitation
Musculoskeletal disorder
Medical devices
Tissue engineering
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82302884), the Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province (2022JDKP0015), the Sichuan University Education Foundation (23JZH002), and the Sichuan University Postdoctoral Interdisciplinary Innovation Fund (JCXK2215).
Conflict of interest
Ma-Ling Gou is an Editorial Board Member of this journal but was not in any way involved in the editorial and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly. Separately, other authors declared that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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