AccScience Publishing / IJB / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/ijb.4889
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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Heterotopically differentiated PDLSCs-laden 3D-bioprinted scaffolds for concurrent oral hard and soft tissue regeneration

Huilin Zhu1,2 ,  Ke Yi1,2 ,  Zhihui Tang1,2* ,  Qing Li1,2,3*
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1 Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
2 National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
3 Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
IJB, 4889 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.4889
Submitted: 19 September 2024 | Accepted: 24 October 2024 | Published: 24 October 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Following dental extraction, the alveolar bone and gingival tissues could undergo varying degrees of resorption, which affects subsequent implant integration and aesthetic outcomes. Thus, having adequate volume of both hard and soft tissues for implantation or aesthetic restoration is essential for optimal results. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology offers the advantages of biomimicry, personalization, and precise spatial distribution, which are pivotal for enhancing the success and esthetics of dental restorations. In this study, we fabricated a construct with a natural transition and varying material concentrations by 3D bioprinting, comprising an upper layer of collagen/alginate/periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and a lower layer of collagen/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA)/alginate/PDLSCs. Characterization of the physicochemical properties revealed that the incorporation of nHA significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of both the bioink and the construct.Flow cytometry analysis confirmed the stemness of PDLSCs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the construct possesses satisfactory pore density and a natural transition at the stratification point. The construct displayed good cell viability and proliferation, with the cellular movement observed at the stratification interface after bioprinting. Differentiation staining and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results demonstrated that PDLSCs within the 3D construct are capable of both osteogenic and fibroblastic differentiations. Ectopic transplantation in mice confirmed the biocompatibility of the construct. A rat tooth extraction model validated the construct’s effectiveness in the integrated regeneration of both hard and soft tissues in alveolar ridge preservation. In conclusion, this personalized, concentration-varied 3D construct exhibits excellent biocompatibility and tissue preservation effects, holding significant potential for clinical application.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
3D bioprinting
Heterotopic differentiation
Stem cells
Oral tissue engineering
Funding
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0701302, PKUSS20200113).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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