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REVIEW

The application prospects of 4D printing tissue engineering materials in oral bone regeneration

Wenlu Song1, 2, 3, 4 ,  Weihua Huang2,4,5,6 ,  Junzhuo Qu1,3 ,  Chujie Xiao7 ,  Huinan Yin6 ,  Xiangzhen Liu1,3* ,  Weikang Xu2,4,8*
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1 Department of Stomatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
2 Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
3 Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
4 Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
5 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
6 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
7 School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
8 Guangdong Chinese Medicine Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
IJB, 4450 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.4450
Submitted: 6 August 2024 | Accepted: 1 October 2024 | Published: 4 October 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioprinting of Dental Tissues and Materials)
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Researchers have developed smart shape-memory materials that adapt their structure or function to external stimuli. The demand for dynamic oral bone tissue repair is driven by continuous changes in bone and surrounding tissues during the repair process, such as tooth growth, movement, reconstruction of oral soft tissues, and skeletal differences in alveolar and craniofacial bones. These changes challenge the mechanical stability of bone implants and the precision of printing. Consequently, 4D printing technology introduces “time,” allowing pre-programmed changes in material shape or functionality, which enables scaffolds to respond to complex oral environments intelligently, achieving dynamic repair of bone and surrounding tissues. Despite its theoretical benefits in oral bone tissue engineering, the study and use of 4D printing technology is still in its infancy. This review explores the recent advances in 4D printing in dentistry, discussing skeletal structure, etiology of bone defects, and bone repair mechanisms. It also provides an overview of the materials, cells, and growth factors used in 4D printing bone tissue engineering. Thus, by reviewing existing studies, this review provides valuable insights for the future development of 4D printing technology in oral bone tissue engineering.

Keywords
4D printing
Smart responsive materials
Bone tissue engineering
Bone regeneration
Dentistry
Funding
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32000964), the Guangdong Province Science and Technology Plan Project (2024A1515012265, 2020B1111560001, and 2022A1515140193), the Construction of Hainan Academician Innovation Centre of Guangdong Academy of Sciences (2022GDASZH-2022020402-01).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work; there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service, and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the manuscript entitled.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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