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A perspective on transformative bioprinting

Chee Kai Chua1* ,  Jia An1 ,  Shiyuan Fan2 ,  Xuening Zhang2 ,  Liliang Ouyang2* ,  Haofan Liu3 ,  Li Zhang3 ,  Ya Ren3 ,  Maling Gou3* ,  Wei Long Ng4 ,  Wai Yee Yeong4* ,  Hui Zhu5,6 ,  Zijie Meng5,6 ,  Jiankang He5,6*
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1 Centre for Healthcare Education, Entrepreneurship and Research @ SUTD (CHEERS) University of Technology and Design, Singapore
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
3 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
4 Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
5 State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
6 NMPA Key Lab for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
IJB, 3525 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.3525
Submitted: 29 April 2024 | Accepted: 21 June 2024 | Published: 15 August 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s).. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Our understanding of bioprinting originated from tissue engineering and 3D printing. Over the last two decades, 3D printing has been serving tissue engineering to fulfill its goal of solving the worldwide challenge of human organ shortage. Fundamental research and translation to clinical settings are currently the mainstream and have led to the emergence of translational bioprinting. However, as bioprinting evolves with more refined capabilities such as spatial and temporal controls of multiple biological materials at the microscale, perhaps it is time to reflect on a reciprocal approach, i.e., tissue engineering, to serve 3D printing with the hope to address problems more than or other than organ shortage. Recent examples of cultivated meat, digital bioprinting, bioelectronics, and space exploration may have just revealed the tip of the iceberg, though some still overlap with the goal of tissue engineering. Whenever a new material is introduced to the realm of 3D printing and becomes printable, it always leads to versatile or even unforeseen applications. This has happened to metals, ceramics, composite, and electronics. Although it has been known for a long time that biological cells are 3D-printable, the application of such concept has been always perceived from the angle of tissue engineering with human organ shortage as the sole motivation. Therefore, in this review based on existing evidence, we offer an innovative perspective of bioprinting, termed “transformative bioprinting,” to emphasize the role of an enabling tool of bioprinting and its alternative motivations.

Keywords
Additive manufacturing
Bioprinting
Tissue engineering
In situ bioprinting
Cultivated meat
Bioelectronics
Conflict of interest
All authors declare that there is no financial conflict of interest during the preparation of this manuscript.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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