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RESEARCH ARTICLE

3D bioprinting of betamethasone-loaded gellan gum–polyethyleneimine composite hydrogels for ocular drug delivery

Negin Khoshnood1 ,  John P. Frampton2* ,  Armin Badri1 ,  Ali Zamanian1*
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1 Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Karaj, Alborz, Iran
2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
IJB 2024, 10(4), 3440 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.3440
Submitted: 17 April 2024 | Accepted: 6 June 2024 | Published: 16 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioprinting for Tissue Engineering and Modeling)
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Transparent hydrogels have numerous applications in materials science and tissue engineering, particularly as materials for corneal repair. In this study, we developed a three-dimensional (3D)-bioprinted betamethasone sodium phosphate-loaded gellan gum (GG)–polyethyleneimine (PEI) composite hydrogel and assessed its performance in vitro. The bioinks used for 3D bioprinting were optimized based on their transparency and gelation properties. In the presence of an ionic crosslinker (citric acid), the GG–PEI blend transformed from a liquid precursor to an extrudable hydrogel with good printability and shape fidelity. The 2.5% GG–3% PEI hydrogel formulation had a transparency of 80%, a suitable degradation rate, and sufficient mechanical strength for application in corneal repair. The GG–PEI composite hydrogel displayed controlled and sustained release of betamethasone sodium phosphate. Moreover, the 3D-bioprinted composite hydrogel was biocompatible, as evidenced by the attachment, growth, and proliferation of corneal fibroblasts. Taken together, these findings suggest that the 3D-bioprinted GG–PEI composite hydrogel scaffold has the potential to control ocular inflammation and aid in corneal tissue healing.

Keywords
Gellan gum hydrogel
Polyethyleneimine
Bioink
3D-bioprinted scaffold
Ocular drug delivery
Corneal tissue engineering
Funding
This work was supported by funds from the Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC) (Grant No. 14023050).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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