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Antibacterial compounds-incorporated functional biomaterials for chronic wound healing application via 3D bioprinting: The mechanism of action

Nur Izzah Md Fadilah1 ,  Nur Aifa Asyhira Khairul Nizam1 ,  Mh Busra Fauzi1,2*
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1 Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2 Advance Bioactive Materials-Cells (Adv-BioMaC) UKM Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
IJB 2024, 10(4), 3372 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.3372
Submitted: 7 April 2024 | Accepted: 17 May 2024 | Published: 5 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomimetic and bioinspired printed structures)
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Wounds represent a critical issue in the healthcare industry since they are highly susceptible to infections that in turn lead to more serious complications. With bacterial infections gradually growing to be a challenge to wound healing, fighting bacterial resistance has become one of the important pillars of addressing issues faced by healthcare personnel. Thus, gaining an understanding of the distinct stages of wound healing is vital to further improve relevant therapies incorporating the application of antibacterial compounds. Recently, three-dimensional (3D)-printed functional biomaterials have emerged as an alternative treatment or potential carriers incorporating relevant antibacterial agents, offering a new approach to skin tissue engineering. Novel strategies for skin tissue engineering are grounded in the integration of bioactive ingredients and antibacterial agents into biomaterials with different morphologies to improve cell behaviors and promote wound healing by preventing bacterial colonization. This paper reviews the function of natural and synthetic polymers, effects of antibacterial properties, and cell interactions in terms of the wound healing process. Extensive research has demonstrated that 3D functional biomaterials exert their therapeutic effects through multifaceted pathways, including but not limited to, modulating inflammation, facilitating tissue regeneration, promoting cell proliferation, enhancing angiogenesis, and controlling infection. This review also provides general insights into the elegant design for 3D scaffold and further refinement of wound dressing.

Keywords
Antibacterial properties
Biomaterials
3D printing
Mechanism of action
Wound healing
Funding
This work was funded by the Geran Fundamental Fakulti Perubatan (GFFP), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Grant Code: FF-2024-007).
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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