AccScience Publishing / IJB / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/ijb.2116
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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Modeling inflammatory response using 3D bioprinting of polarized macrophages

Nimal Raveendran1 ,  Kanchan Vaswani1 ,  Pingping Han1 ,  Saraswat Basu1 ,  Corey S. Moran1 ,  Sašo Ivanovski1*
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1 Centre for Orofacial Regeneration, Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, The School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
IJB 2024, 10(2), 2116 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.2116
Submitted: 26 October 2023 | Accepted: 20 December 2023 | Published: 21 February 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

The field of drug discovery has seen the rise of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting as a promising tool for disease modeling. The focus to date has been on tissue engineering and cancer modeling, although the application of 3D-bioprinted models for the study of inflammation using macrophages is still in its infancy. This study explores the potential of bioprinting technology in the development of a 3D macrophage model and macrophage response to inflammatory stimuli using this platform. To this end, we established a 3D-bioprinted macrophage model and assessed the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response to bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and the drug ibuprofen (Ibu), respectively. Optimal conditions for macrophage differentiation of the human monocytic cell line, THP-1, in the 3D environment were studied, as well as the effect of the 3D microenvironment on macrophage polarization. Viability of THP-1 cells following the 3D bioprinting process was demonstrated and maintained, allowing successful macrophage differentiation of the cells. The developed 3D-bioprinted macrophage model exhibited elevated expression of selected pro-inflammatory gene and protein markers following exposure to LPS, consistent with polarization from M0 to M1 phenotype. Additionally, the model was responsive to the anti-inflammatory properties of Ibu, demonstrating its potential in drug screening and discovery. The current study highlights the potential of bioprinting in the investigation of inflammatory cell response and behavior in a 3D environment ex vivo, opening new avenues for research in modeling inflammatory responses to various stimuli.

 

Keywords
Macrophages
3D culture
3D bioprinting
Drug discovery
Funding
This research was funded by Colgate-Palmolive industrial grant.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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