AccScience Publishing / IJB / Volume 10 / Issue 1 / DOI: 10.36922/ijb.1404
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REVIEW

Microfluidic fiber spinning for 3D bioprinting: Harnessing microchannels to build macrotissues

Federico Serpe1,2 ,  Carlo Massimo Casciola1,2 ,  Giancarlo Ruocco1 ,  Gianluca Cidonio1* ,  Chiara Scognamiglio1*
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1 Centre for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science (CLN2S), Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), 00161 Rome, Italy
2 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (DIMA), University of Rome “La Sapienza,” 00185 Rome, Italy
IJB 2024, 10(1), 1404 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.1404
Submitted: 27 July 2023 | Accepted: 25 August 2023 | Published: 2 January 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Microfluidics is rapidly revolutionizing the scientific panorama, providing unmatched high-throughput platforms that find application in numerous areas of physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science. Recently, microfluidic chips have been proposed, in combination with bioactive materials, as promising tools for spinning cell-laden fibers with on-demand characteristics. However, cells encapsulated in filaments produced via microfluidic spinning technology are confined in a quasi-three-dimensional (3D) environment that fails to replicate the intricate 3D architecture of biological tissues. Thanks to the recent synergistic combination of microfluidic devices with 3D bioprinting technologies that enable the production of sophisticated microfibers serving as the backbone of 3D structures, a new age of tissue engineering is emerging. This review looks at how combining microfluidics with 3D printing is contributing to the biofabrication of relevant human substitutes and implants. This paper also describes the whole manufacturing process from the production of the microfluidic tool to the printing of tissue models, focusing on cutting-edge fabrication technologies and emphasizing the most noticeable achievements for microfluidic spinning technology. A theoretical insight for thixotropic hydrogels is also proposed to predict the fiber size and shear stress developing within microfluidic channels. The potential of using microfluidic chips as bio-printheads for multi-material and multi-cellular bioprinting is discussed, highlighting the challenges that microfluidic bioprinting still faces in advancing the field of biofabrication for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine purposes.

Keywords
Microfluidic
3D bioprinting
Fiber spinning
Biofabrication
Funding
G.C. acknowledges funding from AIRC Aldi Fellowship under grant agreement No. 25412. The research leading to these results was also supported by European Research Council Synergy grant ASTRA (n. 855923).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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