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Medical microbiological diagnosis of sports-accidental infections: promoting global peace, quality health, and entrepreneurship; through One Health approach

Benjamin Niriwa Pulle1,2* ,  Mark Anthony Azongo3 ,  Kofi Korankye4 ,  James Dumba4 ,  Deborah Ampofo4 ,  Solomon Saka Allotey4 ,  Helina Gyamea4 ,  Mabel Kissiwah Asafo5 ,  Semefa Alorvi4 ,  Elorm Kwame Nyinaku4 ,  Benjamin Asare-Kyei4 ,  Mohammed M. Ibrahim4 ,  Simon Agongo Azure4 ,  Joseph Tabiri4 ,  Doogu Jonas6
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1 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health, Ministry of Health, Yamfo, Ahafo Region, Ghana
2 Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty the Medical and Scientific Research Centre, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu Campus, Accra, Greater Accra Region, Ghana
3 Department of Peadiatrics, Bolgatanga Regional Hospital, Bolgatanga, Upper East Region, Ghana
4 Health Tutors/Staffs, College of Health, Yamfo, Ahafo Region, Ghana
5 Ghana Health Service, Accra, Greater Accra Region, Ghana
6 Disease Control Unit, Karaga Health Directorate Health Service, Karaga, Northern Region, Ghana
GHES, 2904 https://doi.org/10.36922/ghes.2904
Submitted: 7 February 2024 | Accepted: 12 June 2024 | Published: 15 October 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Most diseases acquired from sporting activities are accidental and often influenced by environmental factors. Neglecting the environment in disease prevention is counterproductive. This was evident during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic when many sporting activities were halted. Medical laboratory diagnostics, particularly microbiological techniques, detect infectious agents and help contain diseases, thereby fostering a healthy environment for entrepreneurship. Using a One Health approach, this review highlights the dual role of sporting activities in promoting healthy living and facilitating the spread of pathogens. Although sports are widely recognized for enhancing health, the link between microbiology and sports, and their combined roles in promoting global peace, quality health, and entrepreneurship, is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, the main objective of this review is to examine the relationship between sports-accidental infections and their impact on global peace, health, and entrepreneurship. This review employs a combination of life experiences, observations, and literature analysis, drawing on both qualitative and quantitative data. The findings reveal various types of sports-accidental infections, including gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin, blood-borne, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative infections. The results indicate that microbial infections significantly impair athletic performance, often necessitating a “return-to-sport” strategy, where athletes must fully recover before resuming sports activities. Sports-accidental infections are also associated with sudden deaths among athletes on the field, negatively affecting health, peace, and entrepreneurship. Microbiology plays a significant role in diagnosing, treating, and managing sports-accidental infections. Through medical laboratory diagnostics, such as microbiological investigations, many pandemics, including COVID-19, have been contained. Identifying infectious agents enables effective preventive measures, helping restore peace and health, and supporting economic activities. The review offers eight recommendations that aim to foster a safer, healthier, and more resilient sports environment, benefitting individual athletes and promoting broader societal goals of health, peace, and economic growth.

Keywords
COVID-19 pandemic
Diagnosis
Global peace
Entrepreneurship
Medical microbiology
Quality health
Promote
Sports-accidental infections
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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