AccScience Publishing / MSAM / Volume 4 / Issue 1 / DOI: 10.36922/msam.8533
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REVIEW ARTICLE

A review on development of eco-friendly natural fiber-reinforced composite filaments for 3D printing: Fabrication and characteristics

Raviduth RaviRamful*
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1 Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
MSAM 2025, 4(1), 8533 https://doi.org/10.36922/msam.8533
Submitted: 14 January 2025 | Accepted: 7 February 2025 | Published: 27 February 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly referred to as 3D printing, has revolutionized the modern manufacturing world by providing comprehensive benefits in terms of mass customization, automation, design optimization, quick prototyping, and reduced lead times among other factors. Given the increased popularity, rapid development, and implementation of AM technologies in numerous engineering applications, new methods to enhance the AM process for improved efficiency and to attain sustainability goals are being considered. One approach to achieve sustainability in AM is by considering greener input materials such as natural fiber-reinforced composite filaments (NFRCFs) with lower embodied energy. This review focuses on the latest advancements made in the research and development of advanced NFRCFs for the AM process. In the first section, the rationale of using natural fibers in modern NFRCFs is outlined, followed by a description of the key stages of their fabrication process involving the pre-processing of fibers and the addition of plasticizer to enhance their performance. In the second part of this review, a detailed overview of the typical fibers and matrices used in the development of NFRCFs is provided, and some of the typical challenges encountered when utilizing natural fibers, such as their lack of homogeneity, are highlighted. The fiber-matrix interaction and corresponding properties are further discussed, and means to achieve homogeneous NFRC filament are outlined. Finally, the degradability characteristics and recycling methods for NFRCF are discussed, and further means to optimize their performance for increased usage in AM and related applications are presented. To address and overcome the foregoing limitations posed by present-day NFRCF, further research for breakthrough solutions is still required. Further research and development in this area is a prerequisite to attain sustainability in AM, which will also promote the usage and integration of sustainable AM parts into a wider range of engineering applications in our modern society.

 

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Natural fiber-reinforced composite filament
3D printing
Natural fibers
PLA matrix
Mechanical performance
Biodegradable
Funding
This research study was funded by TWAS under the Seed Grant for New African Principal Investigators (SG-NAPI) scheme (Agreement No. 4500474979).
Conflict of interest
The author declares no competing interests.
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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing, Electronic ISSN: 2810-9635 Published by AccScience Publishing
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