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 Additive manufacturing of light-emitting active 3D optical structures

Taewon Kim1 ,  Hyeokin Kang1 ,  Shufan Li2 ,  Jiannan Jiao3* ,  Young-Jin Kim1*
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1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
2 School of Opto-Electronic and Communication Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, China
3 Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen, China
MSAM 2024, 3(4), 5748 https://doi.org/10.36922/msam.5748
Submitted: 1 November 2024 | Accepted: 22 November 2024 | Published: 12 December 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

 Additive manufacturing of arbitrarily shaped, light-emitting 3D structures is a pivotal innovation for controlling the beam propagation direction, angular distribution, emission point, and wavelength of active light sources. These light sources, which include microscale lasers, light-emitting diodes, quantum dots (QDs), and other emerging materials, are crucial for applications such as 3D cellular imaging, biomedical endoscopy, linear and non-linear imaging spectroscopy, photonic circuit integration, optical computing, and high-precision metrology in semiconductor and flat-panel display inspection. To meet the diverse requirements of these applications, various light-emitting materials, such as fluorescent dyes, up-conversion nanoparticles, QDs, and non-linear optical media, have been incorporated into additive manufacturing techniques. Over the past decade, several additive manufacturing methods have been adapted for fabricating active 3D optical structures, including inkjet printing of functional inks, fused deposition modeling of light-emitting filaments, selective sintering of active material powders, and two-photon polymerization of photonic polymers. These methodologies offer unprecedented versatility in designing and constructing complex optical structures with integrated light-emitting properties. The advent of such novel 3D-printed active optical systems promises to revolutionize fields ranging from on-chip photonics to advanced spectroscopy and precise optical measurement techniques, ultimately enabling new frontiers in photonic technologies and their applications.

Keywords
Additive manufacturing
Active optical materials
Optical structures
Lasers
Funding
This work was supported by the Korean National Research Foundation (Nos. NRF-2020R1A2C 210233813, NRF-RS-2024-00401786), Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (No. MAFRA: RS-2024-00401642), and R&D Program for Forest Science Technology (Project No. 2023488B10-2325-AA01) provided by Korea Forest Service (Korea Forestry Promotion Institute), Envision project.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing interests.
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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing, Electronic ISSN: 2810-9635 Published by AccScience Publishing
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