AccScience Publishing / MSAM / Volume 3 / Issue 1 / DOI: 10.36922/msam.2845
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Effect of bioactive borate glass on printability and physical properties of hydrogels

Fateme Fayyazbakhsh1,2,3* ,  Mehedi H. Tusar1 ,  Yue-Wern Huang3,4 ,  Ming C. Leu1,2,3
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1 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, United States of America
2 Intelligent System Center, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, United States of America
3 Center for Biomedical Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, United States of America
4 Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, United States of America
MSAM 2024, 3(1), 2845 https://doi.org/10.36922/msam.2845
Submitted: 30 January 2024 | Accepted: 11 March 2024 | Published: 22 March 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Hydrogels are a key component in bioinks and biomaterial inks for bioprinting due to their biocompatibility and printability at room temperature. The research described in the present paper contributes to the advancement of bioprinting by studying the effect of bioactive borate glass (BBG) incorporated into hydrogels on printability and physical properties. In this study, we fabricated 3D-printed hydrogel scaffolds using gelatin and alginate hydrogel mixture incorporated with various amounts of BBG, a bioceramic rich in therapeutic ions including boron, calcium, copper, and zinc. We investigated the effect of incorporating BBG on the density, viscosity, physical interactions, chemical structure, and shear thinning behavior of gelatin-alginate hydrogel biomaterial ink at different temperatures. After 3D printing and crosslinking of scaffolds, we measured mechanical properties and printing outcomes. The near-optimal extrusion temperature and pressure for uniform extrusion of hydrogel filaments at various BBG contents were determined. We compared the printing outcomes by quantifying the uniformity of printed filaments and shape fidelity of printed scaffolds. The rheological analysis showed that the addition of BBG increased the viscosity of the biomaterial inks and Young’s modulus of the 3D-printed scaffolds. Biomaterial inks with a dynamic viscosity within the range of 4.5 – 6.5 Pa·s showed the best printability across all samples. In conclusion, the inclusion of BBG contributes to a substantial improvement in the physical properties and printability of 3D-printed gelatin-alginate hydrogels.

Keywords
Bioprinting
Hydrogel
Bioactive glass
Extrudability
Printability
Shape fidelity
Funding
This work was funded by the Midwest Biomedical Accelerator Consortium (MBArC), an NIH Research Evaluation and Commercialization Hub (REACH) and by the Center for Biomedical Research.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
Editorial Disclosure

Ming C. Leu serves as the Editorial Board Member of the journal, but did not in any way involve in the editorial and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly.

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Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing, Electronic ISSN: 2810-9635 Published by AccScience Publishing
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