AccScience Publishing / MI / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/mi.8410
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Diversity of human papillomavirus-16 L1 in the Asian region: A comparative analysis of sequences

Rana Ozdogan1 ,  Muharrem Okan Cakir2 ,  Gholam Hossein Ashrafi2 ,  Ugur Bilge3*
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1 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkey
2 Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, United Kingdom
3 Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
MI, 8410 https://doi.org/10.36922/mi.8410
Submitted: 4 January 2025 | Revised: 17 February 2025 | Accepted: 19 February 2025 | Published: 6 March 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a leading cause of several cancers, with types 16 and 18 classified as high-risk. This study investigates the L1 capsid protein of HPV16, a crucial target for Food Drug and Administration-approved vaccines, by analyzing its nucleic acid and amino acid sequences to identify phylogenetic relationships, sequence variations, and conserved functional elements. The study utilizes sequences obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information virus database to assess geographical clustering and evolutionary trends. Key regions, including structural loops, nuclear localization signals, and viral attachment sites, were examined for variability. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated distinct clustering patterns, particularly among sequences from Japan and Pakistan, indicating potential regional influences on HPV-16 evolution. Despite observed sequence variability, critical residues essential for viral entry remained conserved, suggesting evolutionary constraints on functionally significant domains. These findings offer insights into HPV-16 diversity in Asia and highlight the importance of continuous genomic surveillance for vaccine development and epidemiological assessments.

Keywords
Human papillomavirus
HPV-16 L1
Phylogenetic analysis
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Microbes & Immunity, Electronic ISSN: 3029-2883 Print ISSN: 3041-0886, Published by AccScience Publishing
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