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REVIEW ARTICLE

The roles and potential clinical implications of gut microbiome in sepsis

Na Qin1,2,3 ,  Hongyan Chen1,2,3 ,  Hao Su1,2,3,4 ,  Xiaoting Zhang1,2,3,4 ,  Haiyun Shang1,2,3,4 ,  Zihe Xu1,2,3,4 ,  Zhenhua Zeng5 ,  Huarong Chen1,2,3,4*
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1 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
2 Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
3 CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
4 State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
5 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
MI, 4742 https://doi.org/10.36922/mi.4742
Submitted: 2 September 2024 | Revised: 16 October 2024 | Accepted: 11 November 2024 | Published: 2 December 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Pronounced dysbiosis in the gut microbiome is common among sepsis patients, resulting in aggravation of the disease. This disturbance not only impacts gut integrity but also initiates localized immune responses that may progress to systemic inflammation. This review explores recent discoveries regarding the dysregulation of the gut microbiome, alterations in gut permeability, and disruptions in intestinal immune responses that occur during sepsis. In addition, we discuss innovative therapeutic strategies, encompassing the impacts of metabolites derived from microbes, the selection of beneficial probiotics, and the utilization of fecal microbiota transplantation in the management of sepsis. Understanding the complexities of the gut microbiome holds the promise of revealing novel strategies that may transform the treatment of sepsis, providing a ray of hope for improved outcomes in critically ill patients.

Keywords
Sepsis
Gut microbiota
Metabolite
Dysbiosis
Immune response
Funding
This project was supported by the Heath and Medical Research Fund (HMRF) (22210032); RGC-GRF Hong Kong (14101922); and CUHK Direct Grant for Research (2024.010).
Conflict of interest
Huarong Chen is an Editorial Board Member of this journal but was not in any way involved in the editorial and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly. Separately, other authors declared that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.
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Microbes & Immunity, Electronic ISSN: 3029-2883 Print ISSN: 3041-0886, Published by AccScience Publishing
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