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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Occurrence and seroprevalence of infectious viral, bacterial, and protozoal diseases among patients attending the Ore General Hospital in southwestern Nigeria

Joseph Oyiguh Abraham1,2 ,  Cornelius Arome Omatola1* ,  Zacharia Kadiayeno Egbunu2 ,  Monica Ochofie Iyanda2 ,  Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo1 ,  Ruth Foluke Aminu1 ,  Emmanuel Edegbo1 ,  Olubunmi Marvelous Emurotu1 ,  Danjuma Muhammed3 ,  Jesse Joseph Chock4 ,  Joseph Taiwo Chukwuma Onwuatuegwu5 ,  Danjuma Salisu Ibrahim6 ,  Sumaila Ndah Akpala7 ,  David Moses Adaji8 ,  Sunday Ocholi Samson9 ,  Joshua Idakwo10 ,  Oiza Aishat Musa1 ,  Eneojo Monday Akor1 ,  John Umoru Sani1 ,  Nwobodo Afam Humphrey11
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1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Prince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
2 Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Science, Federal Polytechnic Idah, Idah, Kogi State, Nigeria
3 Department of Biology, Epidemiology, and Public Health Unit, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
4 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty Health Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria
5 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tansian University Umunya, Anambra, Anambra State, Nigeria
6 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Federal University Oye, Oye, Ekiti State, Nigeria
7 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Federal University, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
8 Department of Biotechnology Science and Engineering, Faculty Engineering, University of Alabama, Huntsville, United States of America
9 Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
10 Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
11 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty Health Sciences, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
MI, 3283 https://doi.org/10.36922/mi.3283
Submitted: 27 March 2024 | Accepted: 16 July 2024 | Published: 9 October 2024
© 2024 by the Authors(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, protozoans, and fungi continue to pose significant challenges globally, with transmission routes including person-to-person contact, animal vectors, and environmental exposure. Despite global efforts to control these diseases, limited studies and resource constraints in Ore, Nigeria, have led to increasing prevalence, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions. This study aimed to determine the distribution of infectious diseases among patients attending General Hospital Ore, Odigbo, Nigeria. Serum samples from consenting patients were assayed for the presence of malaria parasites, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Salmonella infection, Helicobacter pylori infection, high vaginal swab (HVS) results, and urinary tract infections (UTIs). The subjects included 1900 males (38.8%) and 3000 females (61.2%). The overall prevalence rates were as follows: HIV (40%), malaria (35%), typhoid (37.5%), HBsAg (20%), H. pylori (6.3%), HVS (45%), and UTIs (10%). The high rates of infectious diseases observed in this study, compared to rates reported elsewhere, suggest the need to strengthen public health measures and infection prevention strategies in the area. In addition, routine screening for these diseases and early passive or active immunization for vaccine-preventable diseases are essential to further reduce the burden of these infections.

Keywords
Infectious diseases
Distribution
Ondo State
Human immunodeficiency virus
Hepatitis B surface antigen
Urinary tract infections
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Microbes & Immunity, Electronic ISSN: 3029-2883 Print ISSN: 3041-0886, Published by AccScience Publishing
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