The impact of psychosocial factors and stress on chronic gastrointestinal symptoms is well known, and an increasing amount of evidence-based data have been accumulated. On the other hand, chronic symptoms, typical in chronic gastrointestinal pathology, cause and are associated with emotional, behavioural and cognitive alterations. In a broader sense, psychogastroenterology is also relevant for other conditions where both somatic and psychological changes are involved: inflammatory bowel disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease and non-alcoholic liver disease. Psychological therapy is very important in these pathological conditions. All these aspects concerning the gastrointestinal and nervous systems warrant further investigation in the interest of patients.