AccScience Publishing / JCBP / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/jcbp.2192
Cite this article
51
Download
1003
Views
Journal Browser
Volume | Year
Issue
Search
News and Announcements
View All
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Life values in different age groups before and after global health crisis: A comparison of two German representative cohorts in 2018 and 2022

Beate Muschalla1* Elmar Brähler2,3
Show Less
1 Psychotherapy and Diagnostics, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
2 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate Land, Germany
3 Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
Submitted: 6 November 2023 | Accepted: 5 February 2024 | Published: 1 April 2024
© 2024 by the Author (s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

Basic life values are known to be stable over a lifetime and are predictive of a wide range of attitudes and behaviors. However, they may fluctuate in response to environmental changes or challenges. This study, conducted in two large representative cohorts, aimed to investigate whether basic life values across different age groups remained consistent before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Two large representative cohorts from the German general population were surveyed about their basic life values using the Short Schwartz Values Scale in 2018 (N = 2412) and 2022 (N = 2499). A comparison was made across age groups and time points (pre- and post-pandemic) using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Our findings revealed a slight discrepancy in values post-global health crisis compared to pre-crisis levels, with lower scores observed for achievement and benevolence and higher scores for hedonism and self-direction following the crisis. However, benevolence, universalism, stability, and self-direction maintained high mean scores across both time points. Younger individuals were more oriented toward hedonism and self-direction than older individuals. Differences in values between age groups were evident (partial eta2: 0.004–0.110), whereas differences before and after the pandemic were minor (partial eta2 <0.004). Basic life values, as observed on a societal level, did not change significantly despite a short-term external stressor such as a pandemic. In conclusion, patients’ individual life values should be considered in psychosomatic counseling and treatment, as these values impact health behavior and may lead to mental health problems, such as embitterment, when compromised.

Keywords
Values
Life events
Pandemic
Cohort
Representative
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
References
  1. Lindeman M, Verkasalo M. Measuring values with the short Schwartz’s values survey. J Pers Assess. 2005;85(2):170-178. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa8502_09

 

  1. Boer D. SSVS-G. Deutsche kurzskala des wertefragebogens von S. H. Schwartz (Short Schwartz‘s Value Survey). In: Kemper C, Zenger M, Brähler E, editors. Handbuch Kurzskalen Psychologischer Merkmale. Berlin: Medizinisch- Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft; 2013.

 

  1. Twito L, Knafo-Noam A. Beyond culture and the family: Evidence from twin studies on the genetic and environmental contribution to values. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2020;112:135-143. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.029

 

  1. Koscielniak M, Bojanowska A, Gasiorowska A. Religiosity decline in Europe: Age, generation, and the mediating role of shifting human values. J Relig Health. 2022. doi: 10.1007/s10943-022-01670-x

 

  1. Sagiv L, Schwartz SH. Personal values across cultures. Annu Rev Psychol. 2022;73:517-546. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-125100

 

  1. Linden M, Rutkowski K. Hurting Memories and Beneficial Forgetting: Posttraumatic Stress Disorders, Biographical Developments, and Social Conflicts. New York: Elsevier; 2013.

 

  1. Hettich N, Entringer TM, Kroeger H, et al. Impact of the COVID19 pandemic on depression, anxiety, loneliness, and satisfaction in the German general population: A longitudinal analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2022;57:2481-2490. doi: 10.1007/s00127-022-02311-0

 

  1. Ernst M, Niederer D, Werner AM, et al. Loneliness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Am Psychol. 2022;77(5):660-677. doi: 10.1037/amp0001005

 

  1. Beutel ME, Hettich N, Ernst M, Schmutzer G, Tibubus AN, Brähler E. Mental health and loneliness in the German general population during the COVID19 pandemic compared to a representative prepandemic assessment. Sci Rep. 2021;11:14946. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94434-8

 

  1. Chen S, Zhuang J, Chen Q, Li W. Pregnant women: Psychology, cognitive and behavioral responses, and solutions towards COVID-19. Psychol Health Med. 2023;28(3):621-628. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2104881

 

  1. Muschalla B, Vollborn C, Sondhof A. Embitterment as a specific mental health reaction during the Corona pandemic. Psychopathology. 2021;54(5):232-241. doi: 10.1159/000517447

 

  1. Linden M, Rotter M. Unemployment and embitterment in contrast to general psychological distress. Work. 2019;62(1):133-138. doi: 10.3233/WOR-182848

 

  1. Sagiv L, Roccas S, Cieciuch J, Schwartz SH. Personal values in human life. Nat Hum Behav. 2017;1(9):630-639. doi: 10.1038/s41562-017-0185-3

 

  1. Xie JQ, Zhang H, Zhang X, et al. The mediating role of personal values between COVID-19-related posttraumatic growth and life satisfaction among Chinese college students: A two-wave longitudinal study. Front Psychol. 2022;13:926375. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.926375

 

  1. Eder A, Aschauer W, Höllinger F, Ulrich M. Pandemic and value change? OZS Osterr Z Soziol. 2022;47(4):333-357. doi: 10.1007/s11614-022-00505-z

 

  1. Russo C, Danioni F, Zagrean I, Barni D. Changing personal values through value-manipulation tasks: A systematic literature review based on Schwart’s Theory of basic human values. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. 2022;12(7):692-715. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe12070052

 

  1. Vecchione M. Basic personal values in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: A two-wave longitudinal study. PLoS One. 2022;17(9):e0274111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274111

 

  1. Atif M, Shafiq M, Farooq M, Ayub G, Hussain M, Waqas M. Evolution of basic human values orientations: An application of monitoring changes in cluster solutions. PLoS One. 2022;17(9):e0274600. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274600

 

  1. Kish L. A procedure for objective respondent selection within the household. J Am Stat Assoc. 1949;44:380-387.

 

  1. Field A. Discovering Statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics. London: Sage; 2017.

 

  1. Marcus J, Ceylan S, Ergin C. Not so “traditional” anymore? Generational shifts on schwartz values in turkey. J Cross Cult Psychol. 2017;48(1):58-74. doi: 10.1177/0022022116673909
Share
Back to top
Journal of Clinical and Basic Psychosomatics, Electronic ISSN: 2972-4414 Print ISSN: 3060-8562, Published by AccScience Publishing