The repair of bone defects remains a major clinical challenge, creating a growing demand for biomimetic scaffolds that integrate appropriate mechanical properties with favorable biological microenvironments. While additive manufacturing has enabled the fabrication of topology-engineered scaffolds with precisely controlled geometry and mechanical properties, the integration of bioprinting strategies, particularly those involving cell-laden bioinks and living constructs, offers unprecedented opportunities to recapitulate the native osteogenic microenvironment.

 By combining advanced topological and nature-inspired structural designs, such as lattice structures, triply periodic minimal surfaces, and mechanical metamaterials, the properties of bioprinted scaffolds can be tailored to regulate mechanical and transport properties, and to influence cell behavior, vascularization, osteogenesis, and tissue regeneration.

This Special Issue aims to highlight recent advances in 3D bioprinting topology-engineered scaffolds for bone regeneration. Topics include bioink development, bioprinting strategies, cell-laden constructs, metallic biomaterials, polymer biomaterials, biomimetic scaffold design, topology optimization, computational modeling, structure–property–biology relationships, functional structures, nature-inspired metamaterials, and in vitro and in vivo biological evaluations.