AccScience Publishing / IJB / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/IJB026360385
Submit to IJB
Cite this article
18
Download
721
Views
Related Info Links
Google Scholar
More by Authors Links
Mingxin Qiao
Zhou Zhu
Journal Browser
Volume | Year
Issue
Search
News and Announcements
View All
REVIEW ARTICLE

Three-dimensional bioprinting in oral and maxillofacial tumor treatment and reconstruction

Weimin Wu1,2† ,  Jingfang Yuan1† ,  Ran You1 ,  Hao Yuan3 ,  Bixia Wang3 ,  Mingxin Qiao3* ,  Zhou Zhu1,4*
Show Less
1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan , China
2 Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai , China
3 Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai , China
4 State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang , China
†These authors contributed equally to this work.
IJB, 026360385 https://doi.org/10.36922/IJB026360385
Received: 31 August 2026 | Revised: 20 September 2026 | Accepted: 24 September 2026 | Published online: 24 September 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Download PDF
XML
Cite
Abstract

Treatment for oral and maxillofacial cancer is a highly specialized discipline encompassing tumor diagnosis, therapeutic management, and the regeneration of the oral cavity and related maxillofacial structures. In recent years, rapid advances in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technologies have profoundly transformed this field, enabling the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic equipment. This review primarily discusses comprehensive and novel 3D bioprinting applications for treating oral and maxillofacial neoplasms. It first introduces the relevant steps, techniques, and materials to demonstrate the unique role of 3D bioprinting. Then, it highlights applications in treatment planning, mainly 3D-printed clinical tools such as preoperative biomodels, intraoperative surgical instruments, and postoperative reconstruction scaffolds, as well as therapeutic tools such as intraoral stents for radiotherapy and drug delivery systems. Based on these findings, this review highlights the challenges of translating 3D bioprinting into clinical therapies and proposes recent progress and future directions to improve research on efficacy, precision, and prognosis in malignant oral and maxillofacial tumors.

Keywords
3D bioprinting
3D printing
Oral and maxillofacial tumors
Tissue engineering
Maxillofacial reconstruction
Drug delivery
Funding
This work was supported by the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Fundamental Components and Electromechanical Systems in Fluid Dynamics, Zhejiang University (No. GZKF-202413), and the Sichuan Medical Association Scientific Research Project (No. S2024067).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
References
  1. Vosselman N, Alberga J, Witjes MHJ, et al. Prosthodontic rehabilitation of head and neck cancer patients—Challenges and new developments. Oral Dis. 2021;27(1):64-72. doi: 10.1111/odi.13374
  2. Ma Y, Deng B, He R, Huang P. Advancements of 3D bioprinting in regenerative medicine: Exploring cell sources for organ fabrication. Heliyon. 2024;10(3):e24593. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24593
  3. Zennifer A, Manivannan S, Sethuraman S, Kumbar SG, Sundaramurthi D. 3D bioprinting and photocrosslinking: Emerging strategies & future perspectives. Biomater Adv. 2022;134:112576. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112576
  4. Yang J, Zhang YS, Yue K, Khademhosseini A. Cell-laden hydrogels for osteochondral and cartilage tissue engineering. Acta Biomater. 2017;57:1-25. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.036
  5. Han Y, Lian M, Sun B, et al. Preparation of high precision multilayer scaffolds based on Melt Electro-Writing to repair cartilage injury. Theranostics. 2020;10(22):10214-10230. doi: 10.7150/thno.47909
  6. Dey M, Ozbolat IT. 3D bioprinting of cells, tissues and organs. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):14023. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70086-y
  7. Tack P, Victor J, Gemmel P, Annemans L. 3D-printing techniques in a medical setting: A systematic literature review. Biomed Eng Online. 2016;15:115. doi: 10.1186/s12938-016-0236-4
  8. Matai I, Kaur G, Seyedsalehi A, McClinton A, Laurencin CT. Progress in 3D bioprinting technology for tissue/organ regenerative engineering. Biomaterials. 2020;226:119536. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119536
  9. Agarwal T, Fortunato GM, Hann SY, et al. Recent advances in bioprinting technologies for engineering cardiac tissue. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2021;124:112057. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112057
  10. Stanco D, Urbán P, Tirendi S, Ciardelli G, Barrero J. 3D bioprinting for orthopaedic applications: Current advances, challenges and regulatory considerations. Bioprinting. 2020;20:e00103. doi: 10.1016/j.bprint.2020.e00103
  11. United States Food and Drug Administration. Technical considerations for additive manufactured medical devices: Guidance for industry and Food and Drug Administration staff. December 2017. Accessed September 15, 2026. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/technical-considerations-additive-manufactured-medical-devices
  12. Mladenovska T, Choong PF, Wallace GG, O'Connell CD. The regulatory challenge of 3D bioprinting. Regen Med. 2023;18(8):659-674. doi: 10.2217/rme-2022-0194
  13. Kim GJ, Kim L, Kwon OS. Application of 3D bioprinting technology for tissue regeneration, drug evaluation, and drug delivery. Appl Sci Converg Technol. 2023;32(1):1-6. doi: 10.5757/ASCT.2023.32.1.1
  14. Williams NX, Watson N, Joh DY, Chilkoti A, Franklin AD. Aerosol jet printing of biological inks by ultrasonic delivery. Biofabrication. 2020;12(2):025004. doi: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab5cf5
  15. Xu H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, et al. 3D bioprinting advanced biomaterials for craniofacial and dental tissue engineering - A review. Mater Des. 2024;241:112886. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2024.112886
  16. Oliveira H, Médina C, Stachowicz ML, et al. Extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived bioinks designed to foster vasculogenesis and neurite outgrowth: Characterization and bioprinting. Bioprinting. 2021;22:e00134. doi: 10.1016/j.bprint.2021.e00134
  17. Ozbolat IT, Hospodiuk M. Current advances and future perspectives in extrusion-based bioprinting. Biomaterials. 2016;76:321-343. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.076
  18. Daly AC, Freeman FE, Gonzalez-Fernandez T, Critchley SE, Nulty J, Kelly DJ. 3D bioprinting for cartilage and osteochondral tissue engineering. Adv Healthc Mater. 2017;6(22):1700298. doi: 10.1002/adhm.201700298
  19. Ventura RD. An overview of laser-assisted bioprinting (LAB) in tissue engineering applications. Med Lasers. 2021;10(2):76-81. doi: 10.25289/ml.2021.10.2.76
  20. Kačarević ŽP, Rider PM, Alkildani S, et al. An introduction to 3D bioprinting: Possibilities, challenges and future aspects. Materials (Basel). 2018;11(11):2199. doi: 10.3390/ma11112199
  21. Bishop ES, Mostafa S, Pakvasa M, et al. 3-D bioprinting technologies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: Current and future trends. Genes Dis. 2017;4(4):185-195. doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2017.10.002
  22. Tan WZ, Koo CH, Lau WJ, Chong WC, Tey JY. Recent advances in 3D printed membranes for water applications. In: Tseng HH, Lau WJ, Al-Ghouti MA, An L, eds. 60 Years of the Loeb-Sourirajan Membrane. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier; 2022:71-96. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-323-89977-2.00012-9
  23. Zhakeyev A, Zhang L, Xuan J. Photoactive resin formulations and composites for optical 3D and 4D printing of functional materials and devices. In: Sadasivuni KK, Deshmukh K, Almaadeed MA, eds. 3D and 4D Printing of Polymer Nanocomposite Materials. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier; 2020:387-425. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-816805-9.00013-2
  24. Colorado HA, Gutierrez-Velasquez EI, Gil LD, de Camargo IL. Exploring the advantages and applications of nanocomposites produced via vat photopolymerization in additive manufacturing: A review. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater. 2024;7(1):1. doi: 10.1007/s42114-023-00808-z
  25. Xu X, Awad A, Robles-Martinez P, Gaisford S, Goyanes A, Basit AW. Vat photopolymerization 3D printing for advanced drug delivery and medical device applications. J Control Release. 2021;329:743-757. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.008
  26. He CF, Qiao TH, Wang GH, Sun Y, He Y. High-resolution projection-based 3D bioprinting. Nat Rev Bioeng. 2025;3(2):143-158. doi: 10.1038/s44222-024-00218-w
  27. Liu S, Wang T, Li S, Wang X. Application status of sacrificial biomaterials in 3D bioprinting. Polymers (Basel). 2022;14(11):2182. doi: 10.3390/polym14112182
  28. Yang X, Li S, Sun X, et al. Swelling compensation of engineered vasculature fabricated by additive manufacturing and sacrifice-based technique using thermoresponsive hydrogel. Int J Bioprint. 2023;9(5):749. doi: 10.18063/ijb.749
  29. Abbasian M, Massoumi B, Mohammad-Rezaei R, Samadian H, Jaymand M. Scaffolding polymeric biomaterials: Are naturally occurring biological macromolecules more appropriate for tissue engineering? Int J Biol Macromol. 2019;134:673-694. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.197
  30. Pina S, Ribeiro VP, Marques CF, et al. Scaffolding strategies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Materials (Basel). 2019;12(11):1824. doi: 10.3390/ma12111824
  31. Reddy MSB, Ponnamma D, Choudhary R, Sadasivuni KK. A comparative review of natural and synthetic biopolymer composite scaffolds. Polymers (Basel). 2021;13(7):1105. doi: 10.3390/polym13071105
  32. Filippi M, Born G, Chaaban M, Scherberich A. Natural polymeric scaffolds in bone regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020;8:474. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00474
  33. Li X, Wang Y, Zhang X. Strong, healable materials with bio-like ordered architectures and versatile functionality. SusMat. 2024;4(6):e248. doi: 10.1002/sus2.248
  34. Ye B, Wu B, Su YL, Sun T, Guo X. Recent advances in the application of natural and synthetic polymer-based scaffolds in musculoskeletal regeneration. Polymers (Basel). 2022;14(21):4566. doi: 10.3390/polym14214566
  35. Liu F, Chen Q, Liu C, et al. Natural polymers for organ 3D bioprinting. Polymers (Basel). 2018;10(11):1278. doi: 10.3390/polym10111278
  36. Ogueri KS, Jafari T, Escobar Ivirico JL, Laurencin CT. Polymeric biomaterials for scaffold-based bone regenerative engineering. Regen Eng Transl Med. 2019;5(2):128-154. doi: 10.1007/s40883-018-0072-0
  37. Satchanska G, Davidova S, Petrov PD. Natural and synthetic polymers for biomedical and environmental applications. Polymers (Basel). 2024;16(8):1159. doi: 10.3390/polym16081159
  38. Tan B, Tang Q, Zhong Y, et al. Biomaterial-based strategies for maxillofacial tumour therapy and bone defect regeneration. Int J Oral Sci. 2021;13(1):9. doi: 10.1038/s41368-021-00113-9
  39. Song D, Xu Y, Liu S, Wen L, Wang X. Progress of 3D bioprinting in organ manufacturing. Polymers (Basel). 2021;13(18):3178. doi: 10.3390/polym13183178
  40. Sheikholeslam M, Wright MEE, Jeschke MG, Amini-Nik S. Biomaterials for skin substitutes. Adv Healthc Mater. 2018;7(5):1700897. doi: 10.1002/adhm.201700897
  41. Buj-Corral I, Tejo-Otero A. 3D printing of bioinert oxide ceramics for medical applications. J Funct Biomater. 2022;13(3):155. doi: 10.3390/jfb13030155
  42. Nikolova MP, Chavali MS. Recent advances in biomaterials for 3D scaffolds: A review. Bioact Mater. 2019;4:271-292. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.10.005
  43. Chang CH, Lin CY, Liu FH, et al. 3D printing bioceramic porous scaffolds with good mechanical property and cell affinity. PLoS One. 2015;10(11):e0143713. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143713
  44. Davis R, Singh A, Jackson MJ, et al. A comprehensive review on metallic implant biomaterials and their subtractive manufacturing. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. 2022;120(3-4):1473-1530. doi: 10.1007/s00170-022-08770-8
  45. Ngo TD, Kashani A, Imbalzano G, Nguyen KTQ, Hui D. Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges. Compos Part B Eng. 2018;143:172-196. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.02.012
  46. Kim T, See CW, Li X, Zhu D. Orthopedic implants and devices for bone fractures and defects: Past, present and perspective. Eng Regen. 2020;1:6-18. doi: 10.1016/j.engreg.2020.05.003
  47. Smith JD, Harris MK, Ghodadra A, et al. Metal 3D printing of prosthetics and implants for head and neck oncologic reconstruction. Explor BioMat-X. 2025;2:101348. doi: 10.37349/ebmx.2025.101348
  48. McCann AC, Shnayder Y, Przylecki WH, et al. Comparison of modern rigid fixation plating outcomes for segmental mandibular microvascular reconstruction. Laryngoscope. 2019;129(5):1081-1086. doi: 10.1002/lary.27406
  49. Taylor SL, Ibeh AJ, Jakus AE, Shah RN, Dunand DC. NiTi-Nb micro-trusses fabricated via extrusion-based 3D-printing of powders and transient-liquid-phase sintering. Acta Biomater. 2018;76:359-370. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.015
  50. Zhang LC, Chen LY. A review on biomedical titanium alloys: Recent progress and prospect. Adv Eng Mater. 2019;21(4):1801215. doi: 10.1002/adem.201801215
  51. Xue T, Attarilar S, Liu S, et al. Surface modification techniques of titanium and its alloys to functionally optimize their biomedical properties: Thematic review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020;8:603072. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.603072
  52. Cooper BG, Bordeianu C, Nazarian A, Snyder BD, Grinstaff MW. Active agents, biomaterials, and technologies to improve biolubrication and strengthen soft tissues. Biomaterials. 2018;181:210-226. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.040
  53. Ashammakhi N, Ahadian S, Xu C, et al. Bioinks and bioprinting technologies to make heterogeneous and biomimetic tissue constructs. Mater Today Bio. 2019;1:100008. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2019.100008
  54. Kandasamy M, Vijayananth K, Parasuraman A, Ayrilmis N. 3D bioprinting of biomaterials: A review of advances in techniques, materials, and applications. Polym Adv Technol. 2025;36(9):e70324. doi: 10.1002/pat.70324
  55. Raees S, Ullah F, Javed F, et al. Classification, processing, and applications of bioink and 3D bioprinting: A detailed review. Int J Biol Macromol. 2023;232:123476. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123476
  56. Rastin H, Ramezanpour M, Hassan K, et al. 3D bioprinting of a cell-laden antibacterial polysaccharide hydrogel composite. Carbohydr Polym. 2021;264:117989. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117989
  57. Vanaei S, Parizi MS, Vanaei S, Salemizadehparizi F, Vanaei HR. An overview on materials and techniques in 3D bioprinting toward biomedical application. Eng Regen. 2021;2:1-18. doi: 10.1016/j.engreg.2020.12.001
  58. Vrana NE, Gupta S, Mitra K, et al. From 3D printing to 3D bioprinting: The material properties of polymeric material and its derived bioink for achieving tissue specific architectures. Cell Tissue Bank. 2022;23(3):417-440. doi: 10.1007/s10561-021-09975-z
  59. Eltom A, Zhong G, Muhammad A. Scaffold techniques and designs in tissue engineering functions and purposes: A review. Adv Mater Sci Eng. 2019;2019:3429527. doi: 10.1155/2019/3429527
  60. Ma A, Yang Z, Yuan B, Lian X, Wang Y. A Regenerative Hydrogel Coating. SusMat. 2025;5(6):e70045. doi: 10.1002/sus2.70045
  61. Wu MY, Tian YQ, Lu JY, Fu TT, Liang HC, Huang WT. Synthesis of Sustainable Chromium-Based Nanoparticles With Fluorescence Tunable Ability for Biosensing of Tumor-Derived Exosomes and Molecular Information Protection. SusMat. 2026;6(1):e70053. doi: 10.1002/sus2.70053
  62. Gernandt S, Tomasella O, Scolozzi P, Fenelon M. Contribution of 3D printing for the surgical management of jaws cysts and benign tumors: A systematic review of the literature. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2023;124(4):101433. doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101433
  63. Nicot R, Ferri J, Raoul G. Intérêt de l'impression 3D en chirurgie maxillofaciale. Bull Acad Natl Med. 2021;205(8):1008-1017. doi: 10.1016/j.banm.2021.05.024
  64. Serrano C, van den Brink H, Pineau J, Prognon P, Martelli N. Benefits of 3D printing applications in jaw reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2019;47(9):1387-1397. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2019.06.008
  65. Sharma R, Restan Perez M, da Silva VA, et al. 3D bioprinting complex models of cancer. Biomater Sci. 2023;11(10):3414-3430. doi: 10.1039/D2BM02060B
  66. Yang J, Wang L, Wu R, et al. 3D bioprinting in cancer modeling and biomedicine: From print categories to biological applications. ACS Omega. 2024;9(44):44076-44100. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c06051
  67. Ruchika, Bhardwaj N, Yadav SK, Saneja A. Recent advances in 3D bioprinting for cancer research: From precision models to personalized therapies. Drug Discov Today. 2024;29(4):103924. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103924
  68. Almela T, Tayebi L, Moharamzadeh K. 3D bioprinting for in vitro models of oral cancer: Toward development and validation. Bioprinting. 2021;22:e00132. doi: 10.1016/j.bprint.2021.e00132
  69. Chen H, Cheng Y, Wang X, et al. 3D printed in vitro tumor tissue model of colorectal cancer. Theranostics. 2020;10(26):12127-12143. doi: 10.7150/thno.52450
  70. Dalir Abdolahinia E, Han X. The Three-Dimensional In Vitro Cell Culture Models in the Study of Oral Cancer Immune Microenvironment. Cancers. 2023;15(17):4266. doi: 10.3390/cancers15174266
  71. Li Y, Cui H, Cui H. Precision spatial control of tumor-stroma interactions in cancer models via 3D bioprinting for advanced research and therapy. Adv Funct Mater. 2025;35(40):2503391. doi: 10.1002/adfm.202503391
  72. Chaurasia A, Sivaramakrishnan G, Asa'ad F, et al. Modeling of oral squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment—A 3D bioprinting approach. Bioprinting. 2025;45:e00381. doi: 10.1016/j.bprint.2024.e00381
  73. Klangprapan J, Ferreira JN. Magnetic three-dimensional bioprinting protocol for salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma tumoroid culture. SLAS Discov. 2025;31:100217. doi: 10.1016/j.slasd.2025.100217
  74. Parr WCH, Burnard JL, Wilson PJ, Mobbs RJ. 3D printed anatomical (bio)models in spine surgery: Clinical benefits and value to health care providers. J Spine Surg. 2019;5(4):549-560. doi: 10.21037/jss.2019.12.07
  75. Irace AL, Koivuholma A, Huotilainen E, et al. Additive manufacturing of resected oral and oropharyngeal tissue: A pilot study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(3):911. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18030911
  76. Zhou H, Wu M, Ding Z, et al. A hyaluronic acid-enhanced 3D-bioprinted osteosarcoma model reveals mechanisms of tumor metastasis and chemoresistance. Bio-Des Manuf. 2025;8(5):724-741. doi: 10.1631/bdm.2400390
  77. Dawood A, Marti Marti B, Sauret-Jackson V, Darwood A. 3D printing in dentistry. Br Dent J. 2015;219(11):521-529. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.914
  78. Tian Y, Chen C, Xu X, et al. A review of 3D printing in dentistry: Technologies, affecting factors, and applications. Scanning. 2021;2021:9950131. doi: 10.1155/2021/9950131
  79. García-Sevilla M, Moreta-Martinez R, García-Mato D, et al. Surgical navigation, augmented reality, and 3D printing for hard palate adenoid cystic carcinoma en-bloc resection: Case report and literature review. Front Oncol. 2022;11:741191. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.741191
  80. Al-Harbi SA, Sun AYT. Implant placement accuracy when using stereolithographic template as a surgical guide: Preliminary results. Implant Dent. 2009;18(1):46-56. doi: 10.1097/ID.0b013e31818c6a50
  81. Wang X, Mu M, Yan J, Han B, Ye R, Guo G. 3D printing materials and 3D printed surgical devices in oral and maxillofacial surgery: Design, workflow and effectiveness. Regen Biomater. 2024;11:rbae066. doi: 10.1093/rb/rbae066
  82. He Z, Zhang G, Caporalini S, et al. Multiscale 3D printing in tissue engineering: From micro/nanoscale precision to functional organoid fabrication. Int J Bioprint. 2026;12(4):026050038. doi: 10.36922/IJB026050038
  83. Cao SS, Li SY, Geng YM, et al. Prefabricated 3D-printed tissue-engineered bone for mandibular reconstruction: A preclinical translational study in primate. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2021;7(12):5727-5738. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00509
  84. Lee JS, Park TH, Ryu JY, et al. Osteogenesis of 3D-printed PCL/TCP/bdECM scaffold using adipose-derived stem cells aggregates: An experimental study in the canine mandible. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(11):5409. doi: 10.3390/ijms22115409
  85. Abramowicz S, Crotts SJ, Hollister SJ, Goudy S. Tissue-engineered vascularized patient-specific temporomandibular joint reconstruction in a Yucatan pig model. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2021;132(2):145-152. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.02.002
  86. Ma Y, Xie L, Yang B, Tian W. Three-dimensional printing biotechnology for the regeneration of the tooth and tooth-supporting tissues. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2019;116(2):452-468. doi: 10.1002/bit.26882
  87. Jiang S, Yu Z, Zhang L, et al. Effects of different aperture-sized type I collagen/silk fibroin scaffolds on the proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp cells. Regen Biomater. 2021;8(4):rbab028. doi: 10.1093/rb/rbab028
  88. Chen RS, Hsu SH, Chang HH, Chen MH. Challenge tooth regeneration in adult dogs with dental pulp stem cells on 3D-printed hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid scaffolds. Cells. 2021;10(12):3277. doi: 10.3390/cells10123277
  89. Feng KC, Li J, Wang L, et al. Combination of 3D printing and ALD for dentin fabrication from dental pulp stem cell culture. ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2021;4(10):7422-7430. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00577
  90. Zhou N, Zhu S, Wei X, et al. 3D-bioprinted hydrogels with instructive niches for dental pulp regeneration. Int J Bioprint. 2024;10(3):1790. doi: 10.36922/ijb.1790
  91. Zhu S, Liao X, Xu Y, et al. 3D bioprinting of high-performance hydrogel with in-situ birth of stem cell spheroids. Bioact Mater. 2025;43:392-405. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.09.033
  92. Liu J, Li P, Chen Y, et al. Pre-vascularized hydrogel co-encapsulating SHEDs and HUVECs for dental pulp regeneration. Biomater Adv. 2026;180:214539. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2025.214539
  93. Brandão TB, da Graça Pinto H, Vechiato Filho AJ, et al. Are intraoral stents effective in reducing oral toxicities caused by radiotherapy? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2022;128(6):1380-1386. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.03.009
  94. Bruno JS, Miranda-Silva W, Guedes VS, Parahyba CJ, Moraes FY, Fregnani ER. Digital workflow for producing oral positioning radiotherapy stents for head and neck cancer. J Prosthodont. 2020;29(5):448-452. doi: 10.1111/jopr.13155
  95. Hong CS, Oh D, Ju SG, et al. Development of a semi-customized tongue displacement device using a 3D printer for head and neck IMRT. Radiat Oncol. 2019;14(1):79. doi: 10.1186/s13014-019-1289-x
  96. Cleland S, Chan P, Chua B, et al. Dosimetric evaluation of a patient-specific 3D-printed oral positioning stent for head-and-neck radiotherapy. Phys Eng Sci Med. 2021;44(3):887-899. doi: 10.1007/s13246-021-01025-y
  97. Mota ME, Schroter GT, Moreira MS, Alves FA, Jaguar GC, Lopes RN. 3D printing technology to produce intraoral stents for head and neck radiotherapy: A scoping review. Spec Care Dentist. 2024;44(3):636-644. doi: 10.1111/scd.12936
  98. Tino R, Roach MA, Fuentes GD, et al. Development and clinical implementation of a digital workflow utilizing 3D-printed oral stents for patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy. Oral Oncol. 2024;157:106944. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106944
  99. Li S, Pang G, Li R, et al. Comparison of custom-designed oral stents in radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2025;13:1544105. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1544105
  100. Lorscheider M, Gaudin A, Nakhlé J, Veiman KL, Richard J, Chassaing C. Challenges and opportunities in the delivery of cancer therapeutics: Update on recent progress. Ther Deliv. 2021;12(1):55-76. doi: 10.4155/tde-2020-0079
  101. Abdelkader H, Fathalla Z, Seyfoddin A, et al. Polymeric long-acting drug delivery systems (LADDS) for treatment of chronic diseases: Inserts, patches, wafers, and implants. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021;177:113957. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113957
  102. Wu BX, Wu Z, Hou YY, et al. Application of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting in anti-cancer therapy. Heliyon. 2023;9(10):e20475. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20475
  103. Yang Y, Qiao X, Huang R, et al. E-jet 3D printed drug delivery implants to inhibit growth and metastasis of orthotopic breast cancer. Biomaterials. 2020;230:119618. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119618
  104. Li R, Song Y, Fouladian P, et al. Three-dimensional printing of curcumin-loaded biodegradable and flexible scaffold for intracranial therapy of glioblastoma multiforme. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(4):471. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040471
  105. Wang Y, Sun L, Mei Z, et al. 3D printed biodegradable implants as an individualized drug delivery system for local chemotherapy of osteosarcoma. Mater Des. 2020;186:108336. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2019.108336
  106. Alves LDB, Menezes ACS, Pereira DL, Santos MTC, Antunes HS. Benefits of intraoral stents in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy: Systematic review. Head Neck. 2021;43(5):1652-1663. doi: 10.1002/hed.26620
  107. Herpel C, Schwindling FS, Held T, et al. Individualized 3D-printed tissue retraction devices for head and neck radiotherapy. Front Oncol. 2021;11:628743. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.628743
  108. Benhabbour SR, Kovarova M, Jones C, et al. Ultra-long-acting tunable biodegradable and removable controlled release implants for drug delivery. Nat Commun. 2019;10:4324. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12141-5
  109. Maturavongsadit P, Paravyan G, Kovarova M, Garcia JV, Benhabbour SR. A new engineering process of biodegradable polymeric solid implants for ultra-long-acting drug delivery. Int J Pharm X. 2021;3:100068. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2020.100068
  110. Wang J, Ghosh D, Maniruzzaman M. Using bugs as drugs: Administration of bacteria-related microbes to fight cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2023;197:114825. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114825
  111. Schaffner M, Rühs PA, Coulter F, Kilcher S, Studart AR. 3D printing of bacteria into functional complex materials. Sci Adv. 2017;3(12):eaao6804. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aao6804
  112. Wang J, Zhang Y, Aghda NH, et al. Emerging 3D printing technologies for drug delivery devices: Current status and future perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021;174:294-316. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.019
  113. Wright O, Delmans M, Stan GB, Ellis T. GeneGuard: A modular plasmid system designed for biosafety. ACS Synth Biol. 2015;4(3):307-316. doi: 10.1021/sb500234s
Share
Back to top
International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.
Read more about our cookies here
Accept