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REVIEW

3D bioprinting techniques and hydrogels for osteochondral integration regeneration

Haiwei Tang1 ,  Enze Zhao1 ,  Yahao Lai1 ,  Anjin Chen1 ,  Xiaoting Chen1 ,  Weinan Zeng1 ,  Xulin Hu2* ,  Kai Zhou1* ,  Zongke Zhou1*
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1 Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
2 Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
IJB, 4472 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.4472
Submitted: 7 August 2024 | Accepted: 9 September 2024 | Published: 10 September 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Despite considerable advancements in regenerative medicine, restoring the osteochondral interface and facilitating the integration of osteochondral regeneration remain significant clinical conundrums. This challenge is predominantly attributed to the scarcity of appropriate tissue engineering materials for replacing osteochondral defects and facilitating tissue regeneration. 3D bioprinting constitutes a promising approach for bone fabrication, as it not only allows for the design of precise personalized scaffolds but also encapsulates cells and growth factors, with the potential to replicate the functions of native tissues. Many critical properties of hydrogels, such as their mechanical properties, elasticity, and bioactivity, make them the most prevalently utilized bioinks in tissue engineering. In addition, their structure can be easily adjusted to meet the needs of different situations. Therefore, 3D-bioprinted hydrogel scaffolds may have promising prospects for integrated osteochondral repair and are receiving increasing attention. In this review, we describe the current problems encountered in the field of osteochondral integration repair and review the latest advances in current 3D printing technology and 3D bioprinting hydrogel scaffolds. We propose prospects for the development of novel 3D-bioprinted hydrogel scaffolds, providing cues for future research directions.

Keywords
Osteochondral integration repair
3D-bioprinted
Hydrogels
Funding
The authors would like to thank the following funding sources: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (82002304, 82172394, U22A20280); 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (2023HXFH012 and ZYGD23033).
Conflict of interest
Xulin Hu serves as the Editorial Board Member of the journal but was not in any way involved in the editorial and peer-review process conducted for this paper, directly or indirectly. Other authors declare they have no competing interests.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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