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REVIEW

Innovations of 3D printing technology in the clinical practice: Strategies against microbial and COVID-19 infection

Wang Li1† ,  Youlong Hai1† ,  Ranxing Yang1† ,  Kun Zheng1 ,  Wenzhuo Fang1 ,  Jinlong Yu2 ,  Hong Xie1* ,  Yu Huang3* ,  Kai Ni1*
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1 Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
2 Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
3 Department of Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
IJB 2024, 10(4), 2338 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.2338
Submitted: 29 November 2023 | Accepted: 24 February 2024 | Published: 20 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioprinting Strategies for Infectious Disease)
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is making remarkable strides in the fields of biology and medicine due to its highly customizable manufacturing capabilities. Implant infections—severe complications occurring after the implantation of medical devices—result in patient discomfort and inflammation, and under most circumstances, removing the implants may pose latent life-threatening risks. In this context, 3D printing technology emerges as a powerful tool for the customized preparation of anti-infection materials. Precisely integrating antimicrobial agents, bioactive metal ions, antibacterial coatings, and other anti-infection materials into 3D-printed objects lays a foundation for developing direct and targeted intervention for infections, paving the way for innovative approaches to prevent and treat implant infections. This tailored method not only significantly improves treatment outcomes and mitigates patient side effects but also holds unprecedented potential for enhancing the biocompatibility of implants and reducing the risk of microbial infections, signifying profound implications for the future of medical advancements. Moreover, during the COVID-19 pandemic, 3D printing technology plays a pivotal role in preventing virus infection and addressing the increasing clinical demand, being employed to produce essential personal protective equipment. This technology not only enhances the adaptability of medical devices (such as respirator masks, face shields, and test kits) but also offers an innovative and prompt solution in response to the spread of COVID-19. This comprehensive review extensively explores cutting-edge research on 3D printing technology in the medical field, with a particular focus on in-depth analyses of infection preventive strategies in the clinical practice, including antimicrobial materials and medical devices against COVID-19. Finally, the review anticipates the ongoing development of medical biomaterials and devices produced by 3D printing technology, underscoring the expectations for the research and application of novel materials. This in-depth and comprehensive review provides profound insights for current research in the field and offers clear guidance for future scientific and clinical practices.

Keywords
3D printing technology
Infection
Biofilm
Antimicrobial materials
COVID-19
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers: 82103260 and 22205137); the Shanghai Rising-Star Program (grant number: 22QA1407100); the Excellent Youth Cultivation Program of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital (grant number: ynyq202204); the Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai; the Shanghai Pujiang Program (grant number: 21PJ1411700); and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital (grant numbers: X-2362, X-2490, and ynqn202111).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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