AccScience Publishing / IJB / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/ijb.2326
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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Horsetail-inspired lattice structures for bone scaffold applications

Seng Leong Adrian Tan1 Miao Zhao2* Zhendong Li3 Zhonggang Wang3 Xinwei Li4* Wei Zhai1
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1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
2 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
3 School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
4 Faculty of Science, Agriculture, & Engineering, Newcastle University, Singapore
IJB 2024, 10(4), 2326 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.2326
Submitted: 28 November 2023 | Accepted: 6 February 2024 | Published: 13 March 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

A well-design bone scaffold is critical for facilitating post in vivo implantation recovery. Key factors, such as elastic moduli matching to alleviate stress shielding, anisotropic characteristics, and sufficient porosity for cell ingrowth, shape the design consideration for bone scaffolds. Herein, we propose a novel body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice with modified horsetail inspired cross-section strut members as the building block for synthetic bone scaffold application. We demonstrated that geometrical parameters can be varied to attain expected desirable mechanical properties. We also successfully matched the performance of the physical compression tests of Ti-6Al-4V-based samples manufactured using selective laser melting to that of the simulation environment to facilitate design. Through our work, we created Ti-6Al-4V-based lattices, which match the mechanical performance of native bone in terms of elastic moduli and yield strength. Biologically, the lattices provide in-strut pore dimensions that facilitate bone cell ingrowth as well as yield point that is beyond the strain required to promote secondary healing. The good energy absorption capability of our lattices also adds resilience to accidental damage when applied for use in bone scaffold design. We also discovered that the isotropy characteristic is decoupled from the outer radius of the designed lattice; this avoids convolution that would otherwise increase design difficulties. Through this novel design, the tuning of the mechanical properties to attain the key considerations with geometrical variations is made possible.

 

Keywords
Lattice tuning
Bone scaffold manufacturing
Selective laser melting
Nature-inspired structure
Horsetail
Funding
This research is supported by A*STAR under its IAF PP Grant (Project No. M22K4a0044) under the work package of “Thermal Management of Motor with Ferrofluid Composite Particles” and the MOE AcRF Tier 1Grant (Project No. A-0009123-01-00)
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing