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REVIEW

Unique benefits and challenges of 3D-printed microneedles

Xinyu Fu1 ,  Jun Gu2 ,  Meng Ma3 ,  Ruiqi Liu4 ,  Siwei Bi4 ,  Xiaosheng Zhang1* ,  Yi Zhang1*
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1 School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
2 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
3 School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
4 Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
IJB 2024, 10(4), 1896 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.1896
Submitted: 22 September 2023 | Accepted: 1 December 2023 | Published: 6 March 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s).. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Microneedles, which are used in minimally invasive transdermal drug delivery, have tremendous application potential in the fields of biosensing, disease diagnosis, bioelectrical signal detection, and wound management. Although manufacturing methods for microneedles are technically well-established, continuously evolving scientific and clinical applications require more intricate and bespoke microneedle structures that cannot be fabricated using conventional techniques. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an advanced manufacturing technology capable of automatically fabricating microneedles with intricate structures. This review provides a comprehensive overview of 3D printing methods and, materials, as well as the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of 3D-printed microneedles, with a particular focus on their inherent advantages and limitations. This offers insights into future trends and strategies for expediting the clinical adoption and commercialization of 3D-printed microneedles.

Keywords
3D printing
Microneedles
Biosensing
Biocompatibility
Drug Delivery
Funding
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 62271107 and 62074029), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFB3206100), the Key R&D Program of Sichuan Province (No. 2022JDTD0020), and the Medico-Engineering Cooperation Funds from University of Electronic Science and Technology supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (ZYGX2022YGRH007).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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