AccScience Publishing / IJB / Volume 10 / Issue 6 / DOI: 10.36922/ijb.4638
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RESEARCH ARTICLE

Development of multi-layered 3D-printed scaffold for sequential delivery of biomolecules

Jong-Eun Won1 ,  Hyun Kyung Moon2 ,  Hae-Won Kim3,4* ,  Ji Suk Shim1,5*
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1 Institute of Clinical Dental Research, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
2 Department of Medicine, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
3 Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
4 Department of Nano-Biomedical Science & BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
5 Department of Dentistry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
IJB 2024, 10(6), 4638 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.4638
Submitted: 23 August 2024 | Accepted: 24 September 2024 | Published: 24 September 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Spatiotemporal control of exogenous growth factors plays a crucial role in the sequential repair of damaged tissues. However, traditional therapeutic trials have mostly relied on the delivery of a single molecule due to limitations in rapid diffusion and the instability of biomolecules. In this study, we developed a novel strategy using a composite of gelatin and silica as an alternative for the stable and sequential release of biomolecules. Two biomolecules, basic fibroblast growth factor, and bone morphogenetic protein-2, were incorporated into two separate composites and sequentially layered onto the activated polymer surface. Each molecule was sequentially released from each layer of the scaffold, and the silica composite prevented rapid diffusion due to its nanoporous structure. The adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were significantly enhanced in the double-layered group containing separately delivered dual molecules compared with the control or single groups. Our developed gelatin-silica composite was successfully incorporated in double layers on polymer scaffolds, and cellular responses were promoted in this manner. These results demonstrated that our scaffolding system has potential as a therapeutic strategy for the delivery of dual or multiple biomolecules in regenerative medicine.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Dual delivery
Basic fibroblast growth factor
Bone morphogenic protein
3D printing
Xerogel
Growth factor
Funding
This research was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grants funded by the Korean government (MEST) (grant nos. NRF-2023R1A2C2004600, RS-2023-00239273, 2016R1D1A1B03930163) and the Korea University Grant.
Conflict of interest
The authors have no competing interests to declare.
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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