AccScience Publishing / IJB / Volume 10 / Issue 6 / DOI: 10.36922/ijb.4243
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RESEARCH ARTICLE

3D-printed zinc/magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite-polycaprolactone composite scaffolds for angiogenesis and osteogenesis

Lei Qiang1,2,3,4 ,  Hao Huang2 ,  Jing Shan5 ,  Guanlu Shen6 ,  Quan Zhang6 ,  Weize Kong4 ,  Ya Fang6 ,  Yiwei Zhang4 ,  Jinwu Wang4 ,  Yihao Liu4* ,  Chengwei Wang4* ,  Pengfei Zheng3,6* ,  Jie Weng1,2*
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1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
2 Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
5 Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
6 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
IJB 2024, 10(6), 4243 https://doi.org/10.36922/ijb.4243
Submitted: 15 July 2024 | Accepted: 3 September 2024 | Published: 4 September 2024
© 2024 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Critical-sized bone defect repair remains a major clinical challenge that requires scaffolds with angiogenesis and osteogenesis potential. Herein, we synthesized zinc (Zn)-doped and zinc/magnesium (Zn/Mg)-co-doped hydroxyapatite (HA) via the hydrothermal method and subsequently mixed them with polycaprolactone (PCL) as ink to fabricate composite scaffolds through 3D printing. We explored the potential of composite scaffolds in promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Zn/Mg-co-doped composite scaffolds can promote angiogenesis. In addition, Zn/Mg-co-doped scaffolds could promote osteogenesis and were superior to Zn-doped composite scaffolds. Furthermore, in vivo studies using a rat femoral defect model confirmed that the Zn/Mg-co-doped scaffolds repaired bone defects. Thus, the Zn/Mg-co-doped composite scaffolds developed in this study were effective in promoting angiogenesis and bone defect repairs, providing an excellent solution for the design and development of clinical materials.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Zinc/magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite-polycaprolactone scaffolds
3D printing
Angiogenesis
Osteogenesis
Bone regeneration
Funding
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC2411300); National Natural Science Foundation of China (82072412/92048205/ 52071277); Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Institute Cooperative Research Project by Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (2022LHB08); Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (22015820100); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M721685/2022M722121); and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Special Grant Program (2023T160331).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper
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International Journal of Bioprinting, Electronic ISSN: 2424-8002 Print ISSN: 2424-7723, Published by AccScience Publishing
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