AccScience Publishing / GTM / Online First / DOI: 10.36922/gtm.2285
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Ineffective voluntary motor improvement through non-invasive BCI-FES with static magnetic field in complete spinal cord injury: A pilot study

Larissa Gomes Sartori1* ,  Roger Burgo de Souza2 ,  Daniel Prado Campos1,3 ,  Paulo Broniera Júnior1,4 ,  José Jair Alves Mendes Junior5 ,  Eddy Krueger1
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1 Neural Engineering and Rehabilitation Laboratory, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
2 Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
3 Department of Computer Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Apucarana, Brazil
4 Electronic Systems Laboratory - Embedded and Power, IoT and Manufacturing 4.0, Instituto Senai de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (ISTIC), Londrina, Brazil
5 Department of Computer and Electronic Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
Global Translational Medicine 2024, 3(1), 2285 https://doi.org/10.36922/gtm.2285
Submitted: 21 November 2023 | Accepted: 27 February 2024 | Published: 22 March 2024
© 2024 by the Author (s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

In response to the challenge of spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation, this study aimed to investigate the effect of applying a non-invasive interface of surface neuroelectrical signals and functional electrical stimulation (sNES-sFES) with a static magnetic field on the motor outcome of the quadriceps femoris muscle in an individual with a complete SCI. The participant, who had a complete SCI in the chronic stage, was evaluated before (pre) and after nine (post) interventions using surface electromyography (sEMG). In addition, spasticity (modified Ashworth scale [MAS]) was observed in all sessions. Moreover, the user learning curve process (classifier percentage and correct success of the sFES hits) was evaluated. In general, we observed: (i) No voluntary muscle contraction (pre- and post-root mean square of sEMG = 0%) improvement; (ii) spasticity decrease (average one point in MAS); (iii) gradual improvement in the user learning effect on the interface, reaching 84% in classifier accuracy and a maximum percentage of correct sFES activation of 53%. In conclusion, no improvement in voluntary muscular contraction was observed within 9 weeks of the intervention (1 session/day; 1 h/week). However, our study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of our methodology for future research involving continuous physical rehabilitation training and the implementation of assistive technology.

Keywords
Brain-machine interface
Motor imagery
Neuroscience
Paraplegic
Rehabilitation
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Global Translational Medicine, Electronic ISSN: 2811-0021 Print ISSN: 3060-8600, Published by AccScience Publishing
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