Financial sustainability is a topical and pertinent issue in global economies and has a high impact on the health sector, which is facing growing expenditure as a result of technological development and the challenges related to the increasing burden of disease caused by the effects of climate change. Regardless of fiscal policies or health policy choices, the sustainability of public finances provides greater security for states, greater capacity to deal with crises and, at the same time, gives citizens greater confidence that their right to health will be better protected. This special edition aims to collect global experiences in terms of public spending on health in countries with a national health service, as well as public-private complementarity, namely with the participation of social or private insurance models in their systems and their relationship with health outcomes. Sharing experiences in this area is essential in order to understand its impact on the economy on a global scale and to learn lessons for improving health system models and their financing models.