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REVIEW ARTICLE

Gold nanoparticle-enhanced hydrogel skin patches for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma treatment: A review

Adnan Alsaei1 ,  Ayah Binrajab1 ,  Fatema Rahimi1 ,  Ahmad Zarwi1 ,  Renad AlAnsari1 ,  Ghadeer Almarzooq1 ,  Abdullah Albalooshi1 ,  Noor Jaragh1 ,  G. Roshan Deen1*
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1 Materials for Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Muharraq, Bahrain
Tumor Discovery, 025410109 https://doi.org/10.36922/TD025410109
Received: 9 October 2025 | Revised: 18 January 2026 | Accepted: 26 January 2026 | Published online: 10 April 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
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Abstract

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare type of cancer, and its prevalence has been increasing in recent years. The lack of curative treatments makes this cancer critical in terms of diagnosis and treatment. The two main types of treatment are skin-directed and systemic therapies, with limitations related to adverse effects. Accordingly, there is a need for localized, non-invasive approaches that reduce systemic toxicity. To achieve this, nanotechnology has been explored to deliver safe, appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and transdermal patches containing AuNPs have shown great promise in the treatment of CTCL with a high safety profile. In this review, the pathophysiology of CTCL and its treatment modalities using AuNPs and transdermal patches are presented from both materials science and clinical perspectives.

Keywords
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Hydrogel patches
Gold nanoparticles
Skin cancer
Cancer therapies
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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Tumor Discovery, Electronic ISSN: 2810-9775 Print ISSN: 3060-8597, Published by AccScience Publishing
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